Iimitha BODsisixhobo esisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ungcoliseko lwendalo kwimizila yamanzi. Iimitha ze-BOD zisebenzisa ubungakanani beoksijini esetyenziswa zizidalwa ukudiliza izinto eziphilayo ukuvavanya umgangatho wamanzi.
Umgaqo wemitha ye-BOD isekelwe kwinkqubo yokubola ukungcola kwezinto eziphilayo emanzini ngamabhaktheriya kunye nokutya oksijini. Okokuqala, isampuli ethile ikhutshwe kwisampuli yamanzi ukuze ihlolwe, kwaye isampuli yongezwa kwibhotile yokulinganisa equkethe i-reagents ye-biological, equkethe iinkcubeko zebhaktheriya okanye i-microorganisms ezinokudiliza izinto ezingcolileyo eziphilayo kwaye zidle i-oxygen.
Emva koko, ibhotile yokuvavanya equlethe isampuli kunye ne-reagents yebhayoloji itywinwe kwaye ibekwe kwiqondo lokushisa elithile lokufukamela. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokulima, ukungcola kwezinto eziphilayo kuchithwa, kunye nokunyuka kwexabiso le-oxygen esetyenzisiweyo. Ngokulinganisa i-oksijini eseleyo echithwe kwibhotile emva kwenkcubeko, ixabiso le-BOD kwisampuli yamanzi lingabalwa, elisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukuxinwa kwezinto ezingcolileyo kunye neemeko zomgangatho wamanzi kumzimba wamanzi.
Ingasetyenziselwa ukubeka esweni isiphumo sonyango lwezityalo zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka kunye nokuvavanya umxholo we-organic kwimithombo yamanzi efana nogutyulo lwasekhaya, amanzi amdaka avela kwimizi-mveliso kunye ne-drainage yezolimo. Ngokulinganisa ixabiso le-BOD, sinokugweba umphumo wokonyango lwamanzi amdaka kunye neqondo lokungcoliseka kwemizimba yamanzi, kwaye siqikelele ukusetyenziswa kwe-oksijini yebhayoloji kwi-ecosystem. Ukongeza, isixhobo sinokusetyenziselwa ukubeka iliso kwizinto ezidliwayo okanye eziyityhefu kwimithombo yamanzi, ukubonelela ngereferensi yokukhusela ubutyebi bamanzi kunye nokusingqongileyo kwendalo.
Imitha ye-BOD ineenzuzo zokusetyenziswa okulula, ukulinganisa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuchaneka okuphezulu. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zokulinganisa, zithe ngqo, zinoqoqosho kwaye zithembekile. Nangona kunjalo, kukho imida ekusetyenzisweni kwesi sixhobo, njengexesha elide lokulinganisa (ngokuqhelekileyo iintsuku ezi-5-7, okanye iintsuku ezi-1-30), kunye neemfuno eziphezulu zokugcinwa kwesixhobo kunye nolawulo lwe-reagent ye-biological. Ukongezelela, ekubeni inkqubo yokumisela isekelwe kwiimpendulo zebhayoloji, iziphumo zichatshazelwa yimeko yokusingqongileyo kunye nomsebenzi webhayoloji, kwaye iimeko zokulinga kufuneka zilawulwe ngokungqongqo.
Ukushwankathela, imitha ye-BOD sisixhobo esisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ungcoliseko lwendalo emanzini. Ivavanya umgangatho kunye neqondo lokungcoliseka kwamanzi ngokulinganisa ubungakanani beoksijini esetyenzisiweyo xa izinto eziphilayo kwisampulu zamanzi zibola. Idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubekweni kweliso kubulunga bamanzi kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo, kwaye ibonelela ngedatha eluncedo kunye nereferensi yokuxhasa ulawulo lokusingqongileyo kunye nokukhuselwa kobutyebi bamanzi. Ngokuqhubela phambili kwesayensi kunye nobuchwepheshe, ndiyakholelwa ukuba ukusebenza kunye neendawo zokusetyenziswa kwesi sixhobo ziya kuqhubeka nokwandisa nokuphucula.
Umonakalo weBOD ngokugqithisileyo ubonakaliswa ikakhulu kwezi nkalo zilandelayo:
1. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-oksijini echithwe emanzini: Umxholo ogqithisileyo we-BOD uya kukhawuleza izinga lokuzala kwebhaktheriya ye-aerobic kunye ne-aerobic organisms, ebangela ukuba i-oksijini emanzini isetyenziswe ngokukhawuleza, ekhokelela ekufeni kwezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini.
2. Ukuwohloka komgangatho wamanzi: Ukuveliswa kwenani elikhulu lee-microorganisms ezisebenzisa ioksijini kumzimba wamanzi ziya kusebenzisa ioksijini enyibilikisiweyo kwaye zidibanise ungcoliseko lwendalo kwizinto zalo zobomi. Le yipropati yokuzihlambulula emzimbeni wamanzi. Ukugqithisa kwe-BOD kuya kubangela ukuba iibhaktheriya ze-aerobic, i-aerobic protozoa, kunye nezityalo zendalo ze-aerobic ziphindaphindeke ngobuninzi, zisebenzisa ioksijini ngokukhawuleza, okukhokelela ekufeni kweentlanzi kunye ne-shrimp, kunye nokuzala okukhulu kwebhaktiriya ye-anaerobic.
3. Ichaphazela isakhono sokuzihlambulula kumzimba wamanzi: Umxholo weoksijini enyityilisiweyo kumzimba wamanzi unxulumene ngokusondeleyo namandla okuzihlambulula emzimbeni wamanzi. Okukhona usezantsi umthamo weoksijini onyibilikisiweyo, kokukhona ubuthathaka amandla okuzihlambulula emzimbeni wamanzi.
4. Ukuvelisa iphunga: Umxholo ogqithiseleyo we-BOD uya kubangela ukuba umzimba wamanzi uvelise iphunga, elingachaphazeli kuphela umgangatho wamanzi, kodwa libeka ingozi kwimeko engqongileyo kunye nempilo yabantu.
5. Ibangela amaza abomvu kunye ne-algae blooms: Ukugqithisa kwe-BOD kuya kukhokelela kwi-eutrophication yemizimba yamanzi, ebangela ama-red tides kunye ne-algae blooms. Ezi ziganeko ziya kutshabalalisa ibhalansi ye-ecology yasemanzini kwaye zibeka ingozi kwimpilo yabantu kunye namanzi okusela.
Ngoko ke, i-BOD egqithisileyo ibaluleke kakhulu ipharamitha yongcoliseko lwamanzi, enokubonisa ngokungangqalanga umxholo we-biodegradable organic matter emanzini. Ukuba ugutyulo olune-BOD olugqithisileyo lukhutshelwa emanzini endalo anjengemilambo nolwandle, aluyi kubangela ukufa kwezinto eziphilayo kuphela emanzini, kodwa lunokubangela ityhefu engapheliyo emva kokuba iqokelelwe kwityathanga lokutya kunye nokungena emzimbeni womntu, okuchaphazela ityhefu engapheliyo. inkqubo ye-nervous kunye nokonakalisa umsebenzi wesibindi.
Isixhobo se-BOD sikaLianhua ngoku sisetyenziswa kakhulu e-China nakumazantsi-mpuma e-Asia ukubona i-BOD emanzini. Isixhobo silula ukusebenza kwaye sisebenzisa ama-reagents amancinci, ukunciphisa amanyathelo okusebenza kunye nongcoliseko lwesibini. Ilungele zonke iinkalo zobomi, iiyunivesithi, kunye neenkampani zokubeka iliso kokusingqongileyo. kunye neeprojekthi zikarhulumente zokulawula ukungcoliseka kwamanzi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-08-2024
