31.Zintoni izinto eziqinileyo ezinqunyanyisiweyo?
Izinto eziqinileyo ezimisiweyo SS zikwabizwa ngokuba zizinto ezingahluziyo. Indlela yokulinganisa kukucoca isampuli yamanzi nge-0.45μm yokucoca inwebu kwaye emva koko ikhuphe kwaye yomise intsalela ehluziweyo kwi-103oC ~ 105oC. I-Volatile suspended solids i-VSS ibhekisa kubunzima bezinto eziqinileyo ezinqunyanyisiweyo eziguqukayo emva kokutshiswa kubushushu obuphezulu obungama-600oC, obunokuthi ngokumalunga nokumela umxholo wezinto eziphilayo kwizinto eziqinileyo ezinqunyanyisiweyo. Izinto eziseleyo emva kokutshiswa ziziqina ezinqunyanyisiweyo ezingaguquguqukiyo, ezinokufanekisela umxholo wezinto ezingaphili kwizinto eziqinileyo ezimisiweyo.
Kumanzi amdaka okanye kumanzi angcolisekileyo, umxholo kunye neepropati zezinto eziqinileyo ezinganyibilikiyo ezimisiweyo ziyahluka ngokobume bezingcolisi kunye neqondo longcoliseko. Izinto eziqinileyo ezinqunyanyisiweyo kunye nezinto eziguquguqukayo ezimisiweyo zizizalathisi ezibalulekileyo zoyilo lokucoca amanzi amdaka kunye nolawulo lokusebenza.
32. Kutheni izinto eziqinileyo ezinqunyanyisiweyo kunye nezinto eziguquguqukayo ezinqunyanyiswayo ziyimilinganiselo ebalulekileyo kuyilo lokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka kunye nolawulo lokusebenza?
Izinto eziqinileyo ezinqunyanyisiweyo kunye nezinto eziguquguqukayo ezimisiweyo kumanzi amdaka ziiparamitha ezibalulekileyo kuyilo lokucoca amanzi amdaka kunye nolawulo lokusebenza.
Ngokubhekiselele kwisiqulatho somba onqunyanyisiweyo wamanzi amdaka etanki yesibini yentlenge, umgangatho wokuqala wesizwe wokulahla ugutyulo umisela ukuba awusayi kuba ngaphezu kwe-70 mg/L (izixhobo zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka aphakathi ezidolophini aziyi kudlula i-20 mg/L), engomnye wemibhobho yamanzi amdaka edolophu. ezona zibonakaliso zibalulekileyo zokulawula umgangatho wamanzi. Kwangaxeshanye, izinto eziqinileyo ezinqunyanyisiweyo zisalathiso sokuba ingaba inkqubo yogutyulo lwelindle eqhelekileyo isebenza ngokuqhelekileyo. Utshintsho olungaqhelekanga kwisixa sezinto eziqinileyo ezinqunyanyisiweyo emanzini ukusuka kwitanki yesibini yentlenga okanye ukudlula umgangatho kubonisa ukuba kukho ingxaki kwinkqubo yokucocwa kwelindle, kwaye kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo afanelekileyo ukuyibuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo.
Izinto eziqinileyo ezinqunyanyisiweyo (MLSS) kunye nomxholo oguqukayo wezinto eziqinileyo ezimisiweyo (MLVSS) kudaka olusebenzayo kwisixhobo sonyango lwebhayoloji kufuneka zibe phakathi koluhlu lobungakanani obuthile, kunye neenkqubo zokucoca ngebhayoloji yelindle ezinomgangatho wamanzi ozinzile ngokwentelekiso, kukho unxulumano oluthile phakathi Mbini. Ukuba i-MLSS okanye i-MLVSS idlula uluhlu oluthile okanye umlinganiselo phakathi kweenguqu ezimbini kakhulu, kufuneka kwenziwe iinzame zokuyibuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo. Kungenjalo, umgangatho wamanzi amdaka asuka kwinkqubo yonyango lwebhayoloji uya kutshintsha ngokungenakuthintelwa, kwaye nezalathisi ezahlukeneyo zokukhupha, kubandakanywa izinto eziqinileyo ezimisiweyo, ziya kudlula imigangatho. Ukongeza, ngokulinganisa i-MLSS, isalathisi somthamo we-sludge yomxube wetanki ye-aeration inokujongwa ukuze kuqondwe iimpawu zokumisa kunye nomsebenzi wodaka olusebenzayo kunye nokunye ukunqunyanyiswa kwezinto eziphilayo.
33. Zeziphi iindlela zokulinganisa izinto eziqinileyo ezijingayo?
I-GB11901-1989 ichaza indlela yokumiselwa kwegravimetric yezinto eziqinileyo ezimisiweyo emanzini. Xa ulinganisa izinto eziqinileyo ezimisiweyo SS, umthamo othile wamanzi amdaka okanye ulwelo oluxutyiweyo luqokelelwa ngokubanzi, luhluzwe nge-0.45 μm inwebu yokucoca ukuthintela izinto eziqinileyo ezimisiweyo, kwaye inwebu yokucoca isetyenziselwa ukunqanda izinto eziqinileyo phambi nasemva. Umahluko omkhulu sisixa sezinto eziqinileyo ezinqunyanyisiweyo. Iyunithi eqhelekileyo ye-SS yamanzi amdaka ngokubanzi kunye namanzi amdaka etanki yentlenga yesibini yi-mg/L, ngelixa iyunithi eqhelekileyo ye-SS yetanki yokuphefumla exutywe ulwelo kunye nodaka olubuyayo yi-g/L.
Xa ulinganisa iisampulu zamanzi ngexabiso elikhulu le-SS elifana ne-aeration yotywala obuxubeneyo kunye nokubuyisela i-sludge kwiindawo zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka, kwaye xa ukuchaneka kweziphumo zokulinganisa kuphantsi, iphepha lokucoca ubungakanani linokusetyenziswa endaweni ye-0.45 μm yokucoca inwebu. Oku akunakubonisa kuphela imeko yangempela ukukhokela ukulungiswa komsebenzi wemveliso yangempela, kodwa nokugcina iindleko zokuvavanya. Nangona kunjalo, xa ulinganisa i-SS kumanzi amdaka etanki yesibini yentlenga okanye amanzi amdaka anzulu onyango, i-0.45 μm yesihluzi senwebu kufuneka sisetyenziselwe umlinganiselo, kungenjalo impazamo kwiziphumo zomlinganiselo iya kuba nkulu kakhulu.
Kwinkqubo yokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka, ugxininiso lweziqina ezimisiweyo yenye yeparameters yenkqubo efuna ukuchongwa rhoqo, njenge-inlet inqunyanyiswe yoxinaniso lwezinto eziqinileyo, ingxubevange yodaka lolwelo oluxutyiweyo kwi-aeration, imbuyekezo yoxinaniso lwe-sludge, i-sludge concentration, i-sludge concentration, njl. misela ixabiso le-SS, iimitha zoxinzelelo lwe-sludge zihlala zisetyenziswa kwizityalo zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka, kubandakanywa uhlobo lwe-optical kunye nohlobo lwe-ultrasonic. Umgaqo osisiseko wemitha yoxinaniso ye-optical sludge kukusebenzisa umqadi wokukhanya ukuba usasazwe xa udibana neengqungquthela ezimisiweyo xa udlula emanzini, kwaye ukuqina buthathaka. Ukusasazwa kokukhanya kumlinganiselo othile kwinani kunye nobukhulu bamasuntswana amisiweyo adibana nawo. Ukukhanya okusasaziweyo kubonwa yiseli ye-photosensitive. kunye neqondo lokuthomalalisa ukukhanya, ukuxinana kwe-sludge emanzini kunokuchazwa. Umgaqo we-ultrasonic sludge imitha yoxinaniso kukuba xa amaza e-ultrasonic edlula emanzini amdaka, ukunyanzeliswa kwe-ultrasonic intensity ihambelana nokugxininiswa kweengqungquthela ezimisiweyo emanzini. Ngokufumanisa ukunyanzeliswa kwamaza e-ultrasonic ngenzwa ekhethekileyo, i-concentration ye-sludge emanzini inokuchazwa.
34. Ngawaphi amanyathelo okulumkela ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto eziqinileyo ezinqunyanyisiweyo?
Xa kusenziwa umlinganiselo kunye nesampulu, isampulu yamanzi amdaka etanki yesibini yentlenga okanye isampulu yodaka esebenzayo kwisixhobo sonyango lwebhayoloji kufuneka imele, kunye namasuntswana amakhulu ezinto ezidadayo okanye imathiriyeli yamahlwili ahlukeneyo antywiliselwe kuyo kufuneka isuswe. Ukuze kuthintelwe i-residu egqithisileyo kwi-disc yokucoca ekufakeni amanzi kunye nokwandisa ixesha lokumisa, umthamo wesampuli ungcono ukuvelisa i-2.5 kwi-200 mg yezinto eziqinileyo ezimisiwe. Ukuba asikho esinye isiseko, umthamo wesampulu wokuzimisela okuqinileyo unokumiselwa njenge-100ml, kwaye kufuneka ixutywe ngokupheleleyo.
Xa ulinganisa iisampulu zodaka olusebenzayo, ngenxa yomxholo omkhulu wezinto eziqinileyo, isixa sezinto eziqinileyo ezinqunyanyisiweyo kwisampulu zihlala zidlula i-200 mg. Kule meko, ixesha lokumisa kufuneka landiswe ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye emva koko lihanjiswe kwi-dryer ukuze lipholile kwiqondo lokushisa elilinganayo ngaphambi kokulinganisa. Ukomisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye nokumisa kude kube ubunzima obuqhubekayo okanye ukulahlekelwa ubunzima bungaphantsi kwe-4% yobunzima obudlulileyo. Ukuze ugweme imisebenzi emininzi yokumisa, ukomisa, kunye nokulinganisa, inyathelo ngalinye lomsebenzi kunye nexesha kufuneka lilawulwe ngokungqongqo kwaye ligqitywe ngokuzimeleyo nguchwepheshe webhubhoratri ukuqinisekisa ubuchule obuhambelanayo.
Iisampulu zamanzi eziqokelelweyo kufuneka zihlalutywe kwaye zilinganiswe ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba kufuneka zigcinwe, zinokugcinwa kwifriji ye-4oC, kodwa ixesha lokugcinwa kweesampuli zamanzi akufanele lidlule iintsuku ezi-7. Ukuze wenze iziphumo zokulinganisa zichaneke ngokusemandleni, xa ulinganisa iisampulu zamanzi ezinamaxabiso aphezulu e-SS afana ne-aeration exutywe nolwelo, umthamo wesampulu yamanzi unokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo; ngelixa xa kulinganisa iisampulu zamanzi ezinamaxabiso aphantsi e-SS afana namanzi amdaka etanki yesibini yentlenga, umthamo wamanzi ovavanyo unokunyuswa ngokufanelekileyo. Umthamo onjalo.
Xa ulinganisa i-concentration ye-sludge enexabiso eliphezulu le-SS elifana ne-sludge yokubuyisela, ukwenzela ukukhusela imidiya yokucoca njenge-membrane yokucoca okanye iphepha lokucoca ekuthinteleni izinto eziqinileyo ezimisiweyo kunye nokufaka amanzi amaninzi, ixesha lokumisa kufuneka landiswe. Xa ulinganisa ubunzima obuqhubekayo, kuyimfuneko Ukunyamekela ukuba ubunzima buguquka kangakanani. Ukuba utshintsho lukhulu kakhulu, luhlala luthetha ukuba i-SS kwi-membrane yokucoca iyomile ngaphandle kwaye imanzi ngaphakathi, kwaye ixesha lokumisa lifuna ukwandiswa.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-12-2023
