27. Yintoni amanzi aqinileyo?
Isalathisi esibonisa isiqulatho esisiqilima sisonke emanzini ziziqina zizonke, ezahlulwe zibe ziinxalenye ezimbini: iziqina eziguquguqukayo zizonke kunye neziqina ezingaguquguqukiyo zizonke. Izinto eziqinileyo zizonke ziquka izinto eziqinileyo ezinqunyanyisiweyo (SS) kunye neziqina ezinyibilikisiweyo (DS), nganye kuzo inokwahlulwa kwakhona ibe yiziqina eziguquguqukayo kunye neziqina ezingaguquguqukiyo.
Indlela yokulinganisa yezinto eziqinileyo zizonke kukulinganisa ubunzima bento eqinileyo eseleyo emva kokuba amanzi amdaka enziwe abe ngumphunga kwi-103oC ~ 105oC. Ixesha lokumisa kunye nobukhulu bamasuntswana aqinileyo anxulumene nesomisi esisetyenzisiweyo, kodwa kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ubude bexesha lokumisa kufuneka busekelwe Kusekelwe kumphumo opheleleyo wamanzi kwisampulu yamanzi kude kube ubunzima. rhoqo emva kokumisa.
Iziqina eziguquguqukayo zizonke zimele ubunzima obuqinileyo obuncitshiswe ngokutshisa izinto eziqinileyo zizonke kwiqondo lobushushu obuphezulu be-600oC, ngoko ke ikwabizwa ngokuba yilahleko yobunzima ngokutshiswa, kwaye inokufanekisela umxholo wezinto eziphilayo emanzini. Ixesha lokulayita likwafana nexesha lokumisa xa kulinganiswa izinto eziqinileyo zizonke. Kufuneka itshiswe de yonke ikhabhoni ekwisampulu ibe ngumphunga. Ubunzima bezinto eziseleyo emva kokutshiswa yinto eqinileyo, eyaziwa ngokuba ngumlotha, onokuthi ubonise umxholo wezinto ezingaphili emanzini.
28.Yintoni iziqina ezinyityilisiweyo?
Izinto eziqinileyo ezinyityilisiweyo zikwabizwa ngokuba zizinto ezihluzwayo. Ifiltrate emva kokucoca izinto eziqinileyo ezinqunyanyisiweyo ziye zibe ngumphunga kwaye zomiswe kwiqondo lobushushu le-103oC ~ 105oC, kwaye ubunzima bezinto ezishiyekileyo buyalinganiswa, eziziingqimba ezinyityilisiweyo. Izinto eziqinileyo ezinyityilisiweyo ziquka iityuwa ezingaphiliyo kunye nezinto eziphilayo ezinyityilikiswa emanzini. Inokubalwa ngokucokisekileyo ngokuthabatha ubungakanani bezinto eziqinileyo ezinqunyanyisiweyo ukusuka kwizinto eziqinileyo zizonke. Iyunithi eqhelekileyo ngu-mg/L.
Xa ilindle liphinda lisetyenziswe emva konyango olukumgangatho ophezulu, izinto eziqinileyo ezinyityilisiweyo kufuneka zilawulwe kuluhlu oluthile. Kungenjalo, kuya kubakho iziphumo ezibi nokuba isetyenziselwa ukwenza uhlaza, ukugungxulwa kwendlu yangasese, ukuhlamba iimoto kunye namanye amanzi ahlukeneyo okanye njengamanzi ajikelezayo kwimizi-mveliso. Umgangatho wobuPhathiswa boKwakha “uMgangatho woMgangatho waManzi kuManzi aManzi aManzi aManzi aManzi aMakhaya” CJ/T48–1999 umisela ukuba izinto eziqinileyo ezinyityilisiweyo zamanzi asetyenziselwe uhlaza kunye nokugungxulwa kwendlu yangasese azinakugqitha kwi-1200 mg/L, kunye nezinto ezinyibilikisiweyo zamanzi asetyenziselwe imoto kwakhona. ukuhlamba kunye nokucoca Akunakuba ngaphezu kwe-1000 mg/L.
29.Yintoni ubutyuwa nobutyuwa bamanzi?
Isiqulatho setyuwa emanzini sikwabizwa ngokuba yityuwa, nto leyo emele isixa esipheleleyo seetyuwa eziqulethwe emanzini. Iyunithi eqhelekileyo ngu-mg/L. Ekubeni iityuwa emanzini zonke zikhona ngendlela yeeyoni, isiqulatho setyuwa sisixa senani leeanion ezahlukeneyo kunye neecations emanzini.
Inokubonwa kwinkcazo yokuba isiqulatho esinyibilikisiweyo samanzi sikhulu kunomthamo wetyuwa, kuba izinto ezinyibilikileyo ziqulethe izinto eziphilayo. Xa isiqulatho se-organic matter emanzini siphantsi kakhulu, izinto eziqinileyo ezinyityilisiweyo ngamanye amaxesha zingasetyenziselwa ukulinganisa isiqulatho setyuwa emanzini.
30.Yintoni ukuhamba kwamanzi?
I-Conductivity yi-reciprocal yokumelana nesisombululo se-aqueous, kunye neyunithi yayo ngu-μs/cm. Iityuwa ezahlukeneyo ezinyibilikayo emanzini zikhona kwimeko ye-ionic, kwaye ezi ion zinamandla okuqhuba umbane. Ityuwa eninzi inyibilika emanzini, kokukhona umthamo we-ion, kunye nokuhamba kwamanzi okukhulu. Ngoko ke, kuxhomekeke kwi-conductivity, inokumela ngokungathanga ngqo inani elipheleleyo leetyuwa emanzini okanye umxholo oqinileyo ochithwayo wamanzi.
I-conductivity yamanzi ahlambulukileyo ahlambulukileyo yi-0.5 ukuya kwi-2 μs / cm, i-conductivity yamanzi e-ultrapure ingaphantsi kwe-0.1 μs / cm, kunye ne-conductivity yamanzi agxininisiweyo akhutshwe kwizikhululo zamanzi ezithambileyo zingaba ngamawaka e-μs / cm.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-08-2023
