Ingxaki yamanzi yaseYancheng emva kokuqhambuka kwe-algae eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka e-Taihu Lake iphinde yakhala i-alamu yokukhusela indalo. Okwangoku, unobangela wongcoliseko sele uqatshelwe. Izityalo zekhemikhali ezincinci zisasazeke malunga nemithombo yamanzi apho abemi be-300,000 baxhomekeke kuyo. Amanzi amdaka ekhemikhali akhutshwe ngabo ayingcolise ngokunzulu imithombo yamanzi okusela. Ukuba kungxamisekile ukucombulula le ngxaki inkulu yongcoliseko lwamanzi kwishishini lemichiza, iintatheli kutshanje ziye zafumanisa ukuba iinkampani ezicoca amanzi ezisetyenziselwa ukucocwa ngemichiza yamanzi amdaka kunye nemithombo eyahlukahlukeneyo yokucocwa kwemithombo yamanzi zifumana ingeniso enkulu. Ngokophando lwentatheli, kukho indawo exakekileyo ekungeneni kweHenan Huaquan Tap Water Materials General Factory. Kuyaqondwa ukuba ngenxa yee-odolo eziqhubekayo, okwangoku iSixeko saseGongyi iFuyuan Water Cleaning Materials Co., Ltd., iSongxin Filter Material Industry Co., Ltd., iinkampani ze-Hongfa Net Water treatment ezifana ne-Water Materials Co., Ltd. kunye ne-Xinhuayu Water I-Agent Agent Factory evelisa i-agent yokucoca amanzi, i-carbon activated, kunye ne-papermaking flocculants zisebenza ngokupheleleyo. Vumela umhleli akuse kwiarhente yokucoca amanzi kwaye ufunde malunga neli krele liqaqambileyo lokunyanga ungcoliseko lwamanzi.
Iiarhente zokunyanga amanzi zibhekisa kwiikhemikhali ezisetyenziselwa ukucocwa kwamanzi. Zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kushishino lweekhemikhali, i-petroleum, imboni yokukhanya, iikhemikhali zemihla ngemihla, iingubo, ukuprinta kunye nokudaya, ukwakhiwa, isinyithi, oomatshini, amayeza kunye nempilo, ukuthutha, ukukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo ezidolophini nasemaphandleni kunye namanye amashishini ukuphumeza ukugcinwa kwamanzi. kunye nenjongo yokuthintela ukungcoliseka kwamanzi.
Iiarhente zokucoca amanzi ziquka ii-arhente ezifunekayo kumanzi okupholisa kunye nebhoyila yokucoca amanzi, ukuchithwa kwamanzi olwandle, ukuhlukana kwe-membrane, unyango lwe-biological, i-flocculation kunye ne-ion exchange kunye nezinye iiteknoloji. Njenge-corrosion inhibitors, i-scale inhibitors kunye ne-dispersants, i-bactericidal kunye ne-algaecidal agents, i-flocculants, i-ion exchange resins, izicoci, ii-agent zokucoca, i-pre-film agents, njl.
Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kunye neenkqubo zonyango, ezona ntlobo ziphambili zeearhente zokunyanga amanzi zezi:
Ukubuyisela umva inkqubo ye-osmosis yamanzi acocekileyo ukulungiswa kokulungiswa kwamanzi: Ukusebenzisa ukulungiswa okuhlangeneyo kunye nefuthe elihle lonyango lwe-synergistic, kunokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ukwakheka kwesikali kunye ne-microbial slime, ukuphucula izinga lokukhupha ityuwa kunye nokuveliswa kwamanzi kwenkqubo, kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo ye-RO. inwebu.
I-anti-scaling ekhethekileyo, i-arhente yokucoca ekhethekileyo
Ukujikeleza ukucocwa kwamanzi okupholisa: qinisekisa ukuba iinqaba zokupholisa zamanzi, ii-chillers kunye nezinye izixhobo zikwimeko efanelekileyo yokusebenza, zilawula ngokufanelekileyo izityalo ze-microbial, zithintele ukuveliswa kwesikali, kunye nokuthintela ukubola kwezixhobo zemibhobho. Ukufezekisa injongo yokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo yezixhobo. Phuhlisa isicwangciso sokucocwa kwamanzi kule projekthi, kusetyenziswa amalungiselelo okucoca amanzi ahlanganisiweyo anobuchule kunye nenkqubo epheleleyo yenkonzo yobugcisa.
I-algaecide ye-bacterial
Ukulungiswa kokucocwa kwamanzi kwibhoyila kwamkela ukulungiswa okudibeneyo kunye nefuthe elihle lonyango lwe-synergistic ukuthintela ukubola kunye nokunyuka kwebhoyila, ukuzinzisa umgangatho wamanzi kwibhoyila, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwebhoyila, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwebhoyila, kunye nokwandisa ubomi bayo benkonzo. .
Ukulungiswa kokulungiswa kwamanzi kwibhoyila
Ngaba iarhente yokucoca
Isilungisi sealkalinity
Igumbi lokutshiza elijikeleza ukulungiswa konyango lwamanzi: I-arhente lilungiselelo elihlanganisiweyo elinamandla okusasazwa okubanzi. Intsalela yepeyinti eyiphathayo ineempawu ezilungileyo zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni. I-residu yepeyinti ephathwayo ikwi-mass non-sticky, ekulungele ukuhlenga kunye nokunye ukucubungula kwinqanaba elilandelayo. Imekobume yamachiza ine-interface enobungane kunye nokusebenza okuzinzileyo kokucubungula. Inokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo inkathazo ebangelwa yipeyinti enamathela kwisixhobo sombhobho, ngelixa unciphisaUmxholo we-CODemanzini, ukususa ivumba, ukuphucula imeko-bume, kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo yamanzi ajikelezayo.
Umatshini wokuchitha intlaka yepeyinti yepeyinti (icoagulant yepeyinti yepeyinti)
iarhente yokuxhoma
Amalungiselelo okucocwa kwamanzi amdaka: Ukusebenzisa iteknoloji yokucocwa kwamanzi afanelekileyo, edityaniswe nokucocwa kwamanzi anzulu, amanzi acociweyo anokufikelela kwi-GB5084-1992, CECS61-94 imigangatho yamanzi ebuyiselweyo, njl. njl., kwaye inokuphinda isetyenziswe ixesha elide, igcina amanzi amaninzi. izixhobo.
I-COD yokucoca i-cod ekhethekileyo
iarhente yokubamba intsimbi enzima
Iiarhente zokunyanga amanzi kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi
Ukonga amanzi, kufuneka kuqala sibambe amanzi avela kwimizi-mveliso asetyenziswa kakhulu. Phakathi kwamanzi akwimizi-mveliso, amanzi okupholisa athatha eyona nxalenye inkulu, ebalelwa malunga nama-60% ukuya kuma-70%. Ke ngoko, ukonga amanzi okupholisa kube ngowona msebenzi ungxamisekileyo wokongiwa kwamanzi kwimizi-mveliso.
Emva kokuba amanzi okupholisa ehlaziywe, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kugcinwa kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuqhuma okuqhubekayo kwamanzi okupholisa, iityuwa emanzini zigxininiswe, kwaye uqhagamshelwano phakathi kwamanzi apholileyo kunye nomoya womoya kwandisa kakhulu umxholo weoksijini enyibilikisiweyo kunye neebhaktheriya, okukhokelela ekunyuseni okukhulu, ukubola kunye nebhaktheriya kunye ne-algae. ukukhula kumanzi okupholisa okujikelezayo, okwenza ukushisa Izinga lokutshintshiselana liyancipha kakhulu kwaye ukugcinwa rhoqo, kusongela imveliso eqhelekileyo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, i-scale inhibitors, i-corrosion inhibitors, i-algaecides ye-bactericidal kunye nee-agent ezixhasayo zokucoca, i-pre-filming agents, i-dispersants, i-defoaming agents, i-flocculants, njl. Kufuneka zongezwe kumanzi okupholisa. Le seti yetekhnoloji eyongeza iikhemikhali zokuthintela ukukala, ukubola, kunye nokukhula kwebhaktheriya kunye ne-algae kumanzi ajikelezayo ibizwa ngokuba yitekhnoloji yonyango lwamanzi ekhemikhali. Kubandakanya ukunyangwa kwangaphambili, ukucocwa, ukucholwa, ukufolwa kwangaphambili, ukudosa okuqhelekileyo, ukuvala inzala kunye nezinye iinkqubo. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-coagulants kunye ne-flocculants kunyango oluphambili lokunyanga kwamanzi amdaka kwakhona yindlela ebalulekileyo yokuphinda kusetyenziswe ugutyulo. Itekhnoloji yokucocwa kwamanzi ngemichiza okwangoku ibonwa ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe njengeyona ndlela iqhelekileyo nesebenzayo yokonga amanzi kwimizi-mveliso.
arhente yonyango lwamanzi imichiza
Unyango lweMichiza lubuchwephesha bonyango obusebenzisa iikhemikhali ukuphelisa kunye nokuthintela ukukala, ukubola, ukukhula kwebhaktheriya kunye ne-algae, kunye nokucoca amanzi. Isebenzisa i-coagulants ukususa ukungcola koomatshini kumanzi akrwada, isebenzisa i-scale inhibitors ukuthintela ukunyuswa, isebenzisa i-corrosion inhibitors ukuthintela ukubola, isebenzisa ii-bactericides ukuthintela ukukhula kwee-microorganisms eziyingozi, kwaye isebenzisa ii-agent zokucoca ukususa intsalela yomhlwa, isikali esidala, amabala e-oyile, njl.
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zee-agent zokucoca amanzi ezisetyenziswa kwiimali ezinkulu: i-flocculants; i-bactericidal kunye ne-algaecidal agents; kunye nesikali kunye ne-corrosion inhibitors. I-Flocculant ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-coagulant. Umsebenzi wayo kukucacisa into enqunyanyisiweyo emanzini kunye nokunciphisa i-turbidity yamanzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-flocculant yetyuwa ye-inorganic isetyenziselwa ukongeza inani elincinci le-polymer flocculant ye-organic, echithwa emanzini kwaye ixutywe ngokulinganayo kunye namanzi aphathwayo ukuze imiswe. Uninzi lwezinto ziye zathotha. I-bactericidal kunye ne-algaecidal agents, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-biocides, isetyenziselwa ukulawula okanye ukususa ibhaktheriya kunye ne-algae emanzini. I-Scale and corrosion inhibitors isetyenziswa kakhulu ekujikelezeni kwamanzi okupholisa ukunyusa i-concentration factor yamanzi, ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwamanzi amdaka ukuze kufezekiswe ukugcinwa kwamanzi, kunye nokunciphisa ukulinganisa kunye nokubola kwezinto ezitshintshisa ubushushu kunye nemibhobho.
Makhe siqwalasele ezimbalwa zezi arhente zokucocwa kwamanzi.
1. I-Flocculant
1. Isitatshi esiphuma kwiflocculant
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-starch flocculants nayo isetyenziswe ngokubanzi ekushicileleni nasekudayeni amanzi amdaka. U-Li Xuxiang kunye nabanye basebenzisa i-ammonium persulfate njengomqalisi wokudibanisa kunye ne-copolymerize umgubo we-chestnut yamanzi kunye ne-acrylonitrile. Isitashi esilungisiweyo esilungisiweyo sidityaniswe ne-coagulant esisiseko se-aluminiyam chloride ukunyanga ukuprinta kunye nokudaya amanzi amdaka, kwaye izinga lokususwa kwe-turbidity linokufikelela ngaphezulu kwe-70%. UZhao Yansheng et al., Ngokusekwe kumanyathelo amabini okwenziwa kwe-cationic starch flocculant nge-copolymerization yesitatshi kunye ne-acrylamide, iqhube inyathelo elinye kunye nophononongo lokusebenza lwe-starch-acrylamide graft copolymer modified cationic flocculant CSGM. Iziphumo ezihle zifunyenwe kushicilelo kunye nokudaya amanzi amdaka asuka kwimizila yoboya. Chen Yucheng et al. wasebenzisa okushiyekileyo kwimveliso ye-konjac powder, i-urea esetyenziswa njenge-catalyst, kwaye yenza i-flocculant No. Xa umthamo wawuyi-120 mg / L, izinga lokususa i-COD lalingama-68.8%, kwaye izinga lokususa i-chroma lifikelela kuma-92%. Yang Tongzai et al. yenze i-cationic modified polymer flocculant isebenzisa istatshi njengemathiriyeli ekrwada, yaze yayisebenzisa ukunyanga amanzi amdaka alula kwimizi-mveliso afana nokuprinta nokudaya. Iziphumo zophando zibonise ukuba izinga lokususwa kwezinto eziqinileyo ezimisiweyo, i-COD, kunye ne-chroma yayiphezulu kwaye i-sludge yaveliswa. Ubungakanani buncinci, kwaye umgangatho wamanzi amdaka acociweyo uphuculwe kakhulu.
2. Iimpawu zeLignin
Ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1970s, amazwe angaphandle aye afunda ukuhlanganiswa kwe-quaternary ammonium cationic surfactants esebenzisa i-lignin njengezinto ezikrwada, kwaye ayisebenzisela ukunyanga amanzi amdaka edayi kwaye afumana iziphumo ezilungileyo zokuntywila. UZhu Jianhua kunye nabanye kwilizwe lam basebenzisa i-lignin ekwenzeni iphepha lokupheka inkunkuma yolwelo ukwenza i-cationic surfactants ukunyanga ukuprinta kunye nokudaya amanzi amdaka. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba i-lignin cationic surfactants ineepropati ezintle ze-flocculation kunye nezinga le-decolorization lidlula i-90%. UZhang Zhilan et al. I-lignin ekhutshwe kwi-straw pulp yotywala obumnyama njenge-flocculant, kwaye ithelekisa iziphumo nge-aluminium chloride kunye ne-polyacrylamide, eqinisekisa ukongama kwe-lignin ekuphatheni ukuprinta kunye nokudaya amanzi amdaka. ULei Zhongfang et al. wafunda ukutsalwa kwe-lignin kwi-alkali straw pulp yotywala obumnyama ngaphambi nasemva konyango lwe-anaerobic njenge-flocculant yokunyanga ukuprinta kunye nokudaya amanzi amdaka, kwaye wafumana iziphumo ezilungileyo. Ngesi siseko, uLei Zhongfang et al. Kwakhona wafunda umphumo we-flocculation we-lignin. Indlela yokusebenza ingqina ukuba i-lignin flocculant yiarhente yonyango lwamanzi eneziphumo ezizodwa kulwelo oluphezulu lwenkunkuma kunye ne-asidi yenkunkuma.
3. Ezinye iiflocculants zendalo zepolymer
UMiya Shiguo kunye nabanye basebenzisa izixhobo zendalo njengezona zinto ziphambili, kwaye emva kokulungiswa komzimba kunye neekhemikhali, benza i-amphoteric composite coagulation decolorizing agent ASD-Ⅱ ukudada amanzi amdaka okudaya okucuthayo, ivulcanization, naftol, cationic kunye nedayi esebenzayo ekushicileleni. kunye nezityalo zokudaya. Kuvavanyo lwe-decolorization, i-avareji ye-decolorization rate yayinkulu kune-80%, kunye nobuninzi obungaphezulu kwe-98%, kwaye izinga lokususa i-COD laliyi-avareji engaphezulu kwe-60%, kunye nobuninzi obungaphezulu kwe-80%. UZhang Qiuhua et al. isebenzise i-carboxymethyl chitosan flocculant ephuhlisiweyo ukunyanga ukuprinta kunye nokudaya amanzi amdaka kumzi-mveliso wetawuli. Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonise ukuba i-carboxymethyl chitosan flocculant yayiphezulu kunezinye eziqhele ukusetyenziswa ezikumgangatho ophezulu wokuthotywa kwamanzi amdaka kunye neziphumo zokususa i-COD. Iiflocculants zemolekyuli.
2. I-bactericidal kunye ne-algaecide
Inokwemba ngokufanelekileyo ukuveliswa kwe-algae kunye nokukhula kwe-slime. Inamandla okubulala inzala kunye ne-algae kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zexabiso le-pH, kwaye ineziphumo zokusasazeka kunye nokungena. Inokungena kwaye isuse i-slime kwaye ikhuphe i-algae eqhotyoshelweyo.
Ukongeza, inamandla okususa ioli. Isetyenziswa kakhulu ekujikelezweni kweenkqubo zamanzi okupholisa, iinkqubo zokutofa kwamanzi endle yeoli, kunye neenkqubo zamanzi abandayo. Ingasetyenziswa njenge-non-oxidative sterilizing kunye ne-algaecide agent kunye ne-slime stripper. Isenokusetyenziswa njengearhente yokulinganisa ukudaywa kwefiber ye-acrylic kunye nokugudisa phambi kokulungiswa kwelaphu. kunye nonyango lwe-antistatic.
3. Isikali kunye ne-corrosion inhibitors
IHydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid HEDP
uphawu:
I-HEDP yi-organic phosphoric acid isikali kunye ne-corrosion inhibitor enokuthi yenze ii-complexes ezizinzileyo kunye ne-ion ezahlukeneyo zetsimbi ezifana nentsimbi, ubhedu, kunye ne-zinc, kwaye inokunyibilikisa i-oxides kwiindawo zetsimbi. I-HEDP isenokuthi idlale indima entle kwi-corrosion kunye ne-scale inhibition kwi-250 ° C, isazinzile kakhulu phantsi kwamaxabiso aphezulu e-pH, akulula ukukhupha i-hydrolyze, kwaye akulula ukubola phantsi kweemeko zokukhanya kunye nobushushu. Ukumelana ne-asidi kunye ne-alkali kunye nokumelana ne-chlorine oxidation kungcono kunezinye i-phosphates eziphilayo (iityuwa). I-HEDP inokwenza i-chelate ye-ring-ring ezintandathu kunye nee-ion zetsimbi emanzini, ngakumbi i-calcium ions. Ngoko ke, i-HEDP inesiphumo esihle sokuthintela kunye nesiphumo esicacileyo somda wokunyibilika. Xa isetyenziswe ngokudibeneyo kunye nezinye ii-arhente zokunyanga amanzi, ibonisa i-Synergy efanelekileyo. I-HEDP eqinileyo yimveliso yococeko oluphezulu olulungele ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinobusika obubanda kakhulu; ifanelekile ngokukodwa kwii-agent zokucoca kunye nezongezo zemichiza yemihla ngemihla kwishishini lombane.
Umda wesicelo se-HEDP kunye nokusetyenziswa
I-HEDP isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo zamanzi zokupholisa kumashishini ajikelezayo njengamandla ombane, ishishini lemichiza, isinyithi, kunye nezichumisi, kunye nakwibhoyila ezinoxinzelelo oluphakathi kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi, inaliti ye-oyile yamanzi, kunye nemibhobho ye-oyile yokunciphisa kunye nokuthintela umhlwa. I-HEDP ingasetyenziswa njenge-arhente yokucoca isinyithi kunye ne-non-metals kushishino lwamalaphu olula. , i-peroxide stabilizer kunye ne-ejenti yokulungisa umbala kwi-bleaching and dyeing industry, kunye ne-agent eyinkimbinkimbi kwishishini le-electroplating elingenayo i-cyanide. I-HEDP idla ngokusetyenziswa ngokubambisana ne-polycarboxylic acid-type scale inhibitor kunye ne-dispersant.
Imarike yearhente yonyango lwamanzi iyakhula ngo-2009
Kule mihla, unyango lwelindle lufumana ingqwalasela eyongezelelweyo evela kumashishini asekhaya. Ukongeza, amashishini asezantsi aqalise ukusebenza emva kokuqala kwentwasahlobo, kwaye imfuno yeearhente zokucoca amanzi iyanda imihla ngemihla. Imeko iyonke yamashishini ekhabhoni esebenze ekuqaleni konyaka ingcono kunonyaka ophelileyo. Intatheli yafunda ukuba imveliso yonyaka yeemveliso zearhente yokucoca amanzi kwiSixeko saseGongyi, kwiPhondo laseHenan libalelwa kwi-1/3 yelizwe lonke, kwaye kukho iifektri ezingama-70 okanye ezingama-80 zokucoca amanzi.
Ilizwe lethu libona ukubaluleka kokukhuselwa komthombo wamanzi kunye nokucocwa kogutyulo, kwaye lithe gqolo ukwandisa inkxaso yemigaqo-nkqubo ekhethwayo. Kwanaxa imeko yemali yehlabathi yaba nefuthe elibi kwishishini lemichiza, ilizwe alizange liyeke ukulawula okusingqongileyo laza lavala ngokuqinileyo iinkampani zeekhemikhali ezinokukhutshwa kongcoliseko olukhulu. Kwangaxeshanye, ikhuthaze utyalo-mali kunye nokusekwa kweeprojekthi zemichiza ezingangcolisi kunye nezikhupha kancinci. . Ke ngoko, iinkampani zearhente yokucoca amanzi ziya kuzisa amathuba amatsha ophuhliso ngo-2009.
Kunyaka ophelileyo, ngenxa yee-odolo ezicuthiweyo zeenkampani zee-arhente zokucoca amanzi, izinga lokusebenza lilonke lalimalunga nama-50% kuphela unyaka wonke. Ngokukodwa kwiinyanga emva kokuqhambuka kwengxaki yezemali, izinga lokusebenza lalingaphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, ngokujonga imeko yangoku yemveliso, iinkampani ezininzi ziqala ngokuthe ngcembe imveliso kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe ziphuma emthunzini weengxaki zemali.
Okwangoku, amaxabiso okusebenza abavelisi abaninzi beeflocculants zamaphepha eGuangdong ayenyuka. Kutshanje, imiyalelo esiyinikwe ziinkampani zokhuselo lokusingqongileyo nayo iye yanda. Amazinga okusebenza kwamashishini anyukile. Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu zezi zizathu zilandelayo: Okokuqala, ushicilelo olusezantsi kunye nokudaya, ukuprinta kunye nokudaya, iinkampani zokwenziwa kwePhepha ziye zaqalisa ukusebenza emva kwenye. Ngenxa yokuba amashishini anjalo aya kuvelisa umthamo omkhulu wamanzi amdaka emva kokusebenza, imfuno ye-agent yokucoca amanzi njenge-papermaking flocculants iya kwanda, okuya kukhokelela ekwandeni kwee-odolo ze-agent zokucoca amanzi; okwesibini, amashishini ahlukeneyo eekhemikhali ezisisiseko ezibangelwa yintlekele yezemali Ixabiso lezinto ezibonakalayo liye lahla kakhulu, ngelixa ukuhla kweemveliso zabathengi ezifana ne-papermaking, idayi, iimpahla, njl njl. iinkampani zeearhente zonyango kwaye zandise imida yazo yengeniso; okwesithathu, ukusukela kunyaka ophelileyo, iimfuno zokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo zelizwe ziye zaba ngqongqo. Ngokungqongqo, onke amashishini ekhemikhali, awokushicilela nawokudaya nawokwenza amaphepha aye awandisa imigudu yawo ekwakhiweni kweendawo zogutyulo. Amashishini amaninzi akwinqanaba lolwakhiwo lwezibonelelo kwaye akakhange enze imfuno yokwenene yeearhente zokucocwa kwamanzi. Noko ke, ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, ukwakhiwa kweeprojekthi ngokusisiseko kugqityiwe. Ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho kudale imfuno yeearhente zokucocwa kwamanzi. Ukongeza, emva kokuqhambuka kwengxaki yezemali ngoSeptemba kulo nyaka uphelileyo, utyalo-mali kulawulo lokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo nalo lwangena kwixesha eliphantsi kweendleko. Iqhutywa zezi zibonelelo zimbini, lo nyaka uza kwenza ixesha lemfuno ephezulu yeearhente zokucocwa kwamanzi; Okwesine, isekelwe kwimeko yotyalo-mali elungileyo yangoku. Ukoyisa ingxaki yezemali, urhulumente uthe gqolo ukuzisa imigaqo-nkqubo yenkxaso ekhethwayo, ingakumbi ekucocweni kwamanzi amdaka. Ke ngoko, iindawo ezintsha zokukhula kwiinkampani zearhente yonyango lwamanzi ziya kubumba ngokuthe ngcembe.
Umthengisi oye wabandakanyeka ekuthengiseni i-polyaluminium chloride iminyaka emininzi wabika ukuba ukunyuka kwangoku kwimfuno yemarike, ukunciphisa iindleko zemveliso, kunye nenkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo okhethekileyo kulungile kwinkampani, kodwa kwangaxeshanye, baziva becinezelekile ngendlela engazange ibonwe ngaphambili. Kuba xa iinkampani ezisezantsi zibeka iiodolo ngoku, iimfuno zazo zombini umgangatho wemveliso kunye nenkonzo emva kokuthengisa ziphezulu kunangaphambili. Oku kunyanzelisa iinkampani ezifanelekileyo ukuba zingasebenzisi nje kuphela amathuba ophuhliso, kodwa ziphinde zihlaziye iikhonsepthi ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwaye zandise inguqu yezobuchwepheshe. Ukuphucula umgangatho wemveliso kunye nokwandisa utyalo-mali kuphando kunye nophuhliso lweemveliso zearhente yokucoca amanzi amatsha ukubeka isiseko esiluqilima sophuhliso olunempilo kunye nexesha elide loshishino lwearhente yokucoca amanzi.
Ukuphuhliswa kweearhente zokunyanga amanzi kudla ngokuba luhlaza
Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane, utshintsho olukhulu lwenguquko lwenzeka kwicala lophuhliso lwecandelo lehlabathi lekhemistri kunye nobunjineli bemichiza, olwaphawulwa ngokusungulwa kwengcamango “yekhemistri eluhlaza”. Njenge-arhente yokucoca amanzi kwiikhemikhali ezikhethekileyo, isicwangciso sayo sophuhliso sinxulumene ngokusondeleyo kwi-chemistry eluhlaza.
Ukusukela uhlaza lweearhente zokucocwa kwamanzi kuqala kwisicwangciso sophuhliso oluzinzileyo ukuze kuphunyezwe uhlaza lweemveliso zearhente yokucoca amanzi, uhlaza lwemathiriyeli ekrwada kunye nee-reagents zokuguqula ezisetyenziswa kwimveliso yearhente yonyango lwamanzi, uhlaza lweendlela zokusabela kwi-arhente yonyango lwamanzi, kunye uhlaza lweempendulo zemveliso yearhente yonyango lwamanzi. Ukwenziwa kohlaza kweemeko zokusingqongileyo kuye kwaba ngumda wesifundo kunye nophando oluphambili kunye nesikhokelo sophuhliso lwesayensi yendalo.
Owona mcimbi ubalulekileyo ngoku kukuhlaza kweemveliso ze-agent yokucoca amanzi emolekyuli, kuba ngaphandle kwemolekyuli ekujoliswe kuyo, inkqubo yayo yokuvelisa ayinakwenzeka. Ukuqala kwingcamango yekhemistri eluhlaza, ngokwendlela yombhali kunye namava, ukuhlaza kwee-agent zokucoca amanzi kunokuqala kule miba ilandelayo. Ukuyila ii-arhente zokucoca amanzi akhuselekileyo Ingqikelelo yekhemistri eluhlaza ilungisa isikhokelo sophuhliso lobugcisa bokucocwa kwamanzi kunye neekhemikhali zokucocwa kwamanzi. I-Biodegradability, oko kukuthi, izinto ezinokuthi ziboliswe yi-microorganisms zibe ziifom ezilula, ezamkelekileyo ngokusingqongileyo, yindlela ebalulekileyo yokunciphisa ukuqokelelwa kweekhemikhali kwindalo. Ke ngoko, xa kuyilwa iiarhente ezintsha zokucocwa kwamanzi ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo kwaye zikhuseleke ngakumbi ebantwini, ukonakaliswa kwezinto eziphilayo kufuneka kube yeyona nto iphambili eqwalaselwayo.
Uvavanyo lwe-synthesis esilwenzileyo lubonisa ukuba i-polyaspartic acid ene-linear enobunzima obuphezulu be-molecular ine-dispersion egqwesileyo, inhibition ye-corrosion, i-chelation kunye neminye imisebenzi, kwaye inokusetyenziswa njenge-scale inhibitor, i-corrosion inhibitor kunye ne-dispersant. Ukuphononongwa kwakhona kweemveliso ezikhoyo ze-ejenti yokucoca amanzi Ekubeni ilizwe lam laqala uphando kunye nophuhliso lweteknoloji yokucoca amanzi yanamhlanje kunye neearhente zokucocwa kwamanzi ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1970, iziphumo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ziye zaphunyezwa. Ngokukodwa ngexesha le "Sicwangciso seMinyaka emihlanu yeSibhozo" kunye "neSicwangciso seMinyaka emiHlanu", urhulumente unike inkxaso ephambili kuphando kunye nophuhliso lweearhente zokucocwa kwamanzi, nto leyo eyakhuthaza kakhulu inkqubela yenzululwazi yokucoca amanzi kunye nobuchwepheshe kwaye yenza uthotho. yetekhnoloji kunye neemveliso ezinamalungelo azimeleyo epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda.
Okwangoku, iikhemikhali zethu zokucoca amanzi ikakhulu zibandakanya i-corrosion inhibitors, i-scale inhibitors, i-biocides kunye ne-flocculants. Phakathi kwazo, i-corrosion inhibitors kunye ne-scale inhibitors zisondele kwinqanaba eliphezulu lamazwe ngamazwe malunga nophuhliso oluhlukeneyo. Okwangoku, iifomyula ze-stabilizers zomgangatho wamanzi ezisetyenziselwa kwi-industrial circulation kumanzi okupholisa ngokuyininzi i-phosphorus-based, i-accounting malunga ne-52 ~ 58%, iifomyula ezisekelwe kwi-molybdenum i-akhawunti ye-20%, iifomyula ze-silicon-based akhawunti ye-5% -8%, kunye neefomyula ezisekelwe kwi-tungsten-akhawunti ye-5% %, ezinye iifomyula zibandakanya i-5% ~ 10%. Ingcamango yekhemistri eluhlaza iphinda iphonononge indima kunye nokusebenza kweekhemikhali zokucoca amanzi ezikhoyo. Kwiimveliso ezinemisebenzi esele isaziwa, ukubola kwebhayoloji sesona sibonakaliso sibalulekileyo sovavanyo.
Nangona i-phosphorus-based corrosion and scale inhibitors, i-polyacrylic acid kunye nezinye iipolymers kunye ne-copolymer scale inhibitors ngoku ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimarike ziye zenza inkqubela kubuchwepheshe bokucocwa kwamanzi okupholisa, badlale indima ebalulekileyo ekusombululeni ingxaki yokuphela kobutyebi bamanzi abajongene nayo. ngabantu. idlala indima ebalulekileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-01-2024
