Amanzi amdaka endwangu ikakhulu ngamanzi amdaka aqulathe ubumdaka bendalo, amafutha, isitatshi kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo eziveliswe ngexesha lenkqubo yokupheka imathiriyeli ekrwada, ukucoca, ukuxutywa kwebleach, ukulinganisa, njl njl. Ukulinganisa, njl., kwaye iqulethe isixa esikhulu sezinto eziphilayo ezifana nedayi, isitashi, iselulosi, i-lignin, izicoci, kunye nezinto ezingaphiliyo ezifana nealkali, isulfide, kunye neetyuwa ezahlukeneyo, ezingcolisa kakhulu.
Iimpawu zokuprinta kunye nokudaya amanzi amdaka
Umzi-mveliso wokuprinta amalaphu kunye nokudaya yeyona nto ikhupha amanzi amdaka kwimizi-mveliso. Amanzi amdaka aqulathe ubukhulu becala ubumdaka, igrisi, iityuwa kwimicu yelaphu, kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo ze-slurries, idayi, i-surfactants, izongezo, iiasidi kunye neealkali ezongeziweyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokusetyenzwa.
Iimpawu zamanzi amdaka zizixinaniso eziphezulu zezinto eziphilayo, ukubunjwa okuyinkimbinkimbi, i-chromaticity enzulu kunye eguquguqukayo, utshintsho olukhulu lwe-pH, utshintsho olukhulu kumthamo wamanzi kunye nomgangatho wamanzi, kwaye kunzima ukunyanga amanzi amdaka amashishini. Ngophuhliso lwamalaphu eekhemikhali zefiber, ukunyuka kwesilika yokuxelisa kunye nokuphuculwa kweemfuno zokuprinta kunye nokugqiba ukudaya, inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo ezinqabileyo ezifana ne-PVA slurry, i-rayon alkaline hydrolyzate, idayi entsha, kunye nabancedisi baye bangena kwi-textile. ukuprinta kunye nokudaya amanzi amdaka, oko kubangela umngeni omkhulu kwinkqubo yokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka esintu. I-COD yoxinaniso iye yanda ukusuka kumakhulu eemiligrams ilitha ukuya kwi-3000-5000 mg / l.
Amanzi amdaka anodaka kunye nokudaya ane-chroma ephezulu kunye ne-COD ephezulu, ngakumbi iinkqubo zokuprinta kunye nokudaya ezifana ne-mercerized blue, mercerized black, extra dark blue, kunye nobumnyama obongezelelweyo obumnyama obuphuhliswe ngokwemarike yangaphandle. Olu hlobo lokuprinta kunye nokudaya lusebenzisa inani elikhulu ledayi yesulfure kunye nokuprinta kunye nokudaya izinto ezincedisayo ezifana ne-sodium sulfide. Ngoko ke, amanzi amdaka aqulethe isixa esikhulu se-sulfide. Olu hlobo lwamanzi amdaka kufuneka luphathwe kwangaphambili ngamachiza kwaye emva koko lufakwe kunyango lwe-serial ukuze luhlangabezane ngokuzinzileyo nemigangatho yokukhupha. Amanzi amdaka axutywa kunye nokudaya aqulethe iidayi, i-slurries, i-surfactants kunye nezinye izinto ezincedisayo. Ubungakanani bolu hlobo lwamanzi amdaka bukhulu, kwaye ukugxininiswa kunye ne-chromaticity zombini ziphantsi. Ukuba unyango lomzimba kunye neekhemikhali lusetyenziswa yedwa, ukungcola kwakhona kuphakathi kwe-100 kunye ne-200 mg / l, kwaye i-chromaticity inokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokukhutshwa, kodwa ubuninzi bokungcola bunyuswa kakhulu, iindleko zonyango lwe-sludge ziphezulu, kwaye zilungile. lula ukubangela ungcoliseko lwesibini. Ngaphantsi kwemeko yeemfuno ezingqongqo zokukhuselwa kwendalo, inkqubo yonyango lwe-biochemical kufuneka iqwalaselwe ngokupheleleyo. Iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo zonyango lwebhayoloji eziphuculweyo zinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zonyango.
Indlela yonyango lwemichiza
Indlela yokudibanisa
Kukho ubukhulu becala indlela yentlenga exutyiweyo kunye nendlela exutyiweyo yokudada. Iicoagulants ezisetyenziswayo ikakhulu ziityuwa zealuminiyam okanye iityuwa zentsimbi. Phakathi kwazo, i-aluminiyamu chloride esisiseko (iPAC) inokusebenza okungcono kwe-adsorption, kwaye ixabiso le-ferrous sulfate lelona lisezantsi. Inani labantu abasebenzisa i-polymer coagulants phesheya liyanda, kwaye kukho umkhwa wokutshintsha i-coagulants ye-inorganic, kodwa e-China, ngenxa yezizathu zexabiso, ukusetyenziswa kwe-polymer coagulants kusenqabile. Kuxelwe ukuba i-anionic polymer coagulants ebuthathaka inoluhlu olubanzi kakhulu lokusetyenziswa. Ukuba isetyenziswe ngokudibanisa ne-aluminium sulfate, banokudlala umphumo ongcono. Iinzuzo eziphambili zendlela edibeneyo yinkqubo elula yokuhamba, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokulawula, utyalo-mali oluphantsi lwezixhobo, unyawo oluncinci, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-decolorization kwi-hydrophobic dyes; izinto ezingeloncedo ziindleko eziphezulu zokusebenza, isixa esikhulu sodaka kunye nobunzima bokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, kunye nesiphumo esibi sonyango kwiidayi ze-hydrophilic.
Indlela ye-oxidation
Indlela ye-ozone oxidation isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumazwe angaphandle. Zima SV et al. yashwankathela imodeli yezibalo ye-ozone decolorization yokuprinta kunye nokudaya amanzi amdaka. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba xa i-ozone dosage yi-0.886gO3 / g idayi, izinga lokuchithwa kwe-decolorization yamanzi amdaka edayi elikhanyayo lifikelela kuma-80%; uphononongo kwakhona kwafumanisa ukuba isixa ozone efunekayo ukuze ukusebenza ngokuqhubekayo liphezulu kunokufuneka ukusebenza ngamaxesha athile, kunye nofakelo izahlulelo kwi reactor kunokunciphisa isixa ozone nge-16.7%. Ngoko ke, xa usebenzisa i-ozone oxidation decolorization, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uyile i-reactor intermittent kwaye ucinge ngokufaka izahlulo kuyo. Indlela ye-ozone oxidation inokufezekisa isiphumo esihle sokubola kwedayi ezininzi, kodwa isiphumo sokubola sibi kwiidayi ezinganyibilikiyo ngamanzi ezifana ne-sulfide, ukunciphisa, kunye nokwaleka. Ukujonga kumava okusebenza kunye neziphumo ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, le ndlela inesiphumo esihle se-decolorization, kodwa idla umbane omningi, kwaye kunzima ukuyikhuthaza kunye nokuyisebenzisa kwinqanaba elikhulu. Indlela ye-photooxidation ine-decolorization ephezulu yokunyanga ukunyanga ukuprinta kunye nokudaya amanzi amdaka, kodwa utyalo-mali lwezixhobo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla kufuneka kuncitshiswe ngakumbi.
Indlela ye-Electrolysis
I-Electrolysis inesiphumo esihle sonyango kunyango lokuprinta kunye nokudaya amanzi amdaka aqukethe idayi ze-asidi, kunye nesantya se-decolorization ye-50% ukuya kwi-70%, kodwa umphumo wonyango kumanzi amdaka anombala omnyama kunye ne-CODcr ephezulu ihluphekile. Uphononongo kwiipropathi ze-electrochemical zedayi zibonisa ukuba i-odolo ye-CODcr yokususwa kweedayi ezahlukeneyo ngexesha lonyango lwe-electrolytic yile: iidayi zesulfure, iidayi zokunciphisa> idayi ye-asidi, idayi esebenzayo> idayi engathathi hlangothi, idayi ngqo> idayi ye-cationic, kwaye le ndlela iyakhuthazwa. kwaye isicelo.
Zeziphi izikhombisi ekufuneka zivavanyelwe ukuprinta kunye nokudaya amanzi amdaka
1. Ukufunyanwa kwe-COD
I-COD sisishunqulelo semfuno yemichiza ye-oksijini ekushicileleni nasekudayeni amanzi amdaka, ebonisa ubungakanani bemichiza yeoksijini efunekayo ekudityanisweni kweoksijini kunye nokubola kwezinto eziphilayo kunye ne-inorganic kumanzi amdaka. Ukufunyanwa kwe-COD kungabonakalisa umxholo wezinto eziphilayo kumanzi amdaka, obaluleke kakhulu ekuboneni umxholo wezinto eziphilayo ekushicileleni nasekudayeni amanzi amdaka.
2. Ukubona iBOD
I-BOD sisishunqulelo semfuno ye-oksijini ye-biochemical, ebonisa ubungakanani be-oksijini efunekayo xa i-organic matter kumanzi amdaka ichithwa yi-microorganisms. Ukufunyanwa kwe-BOD kungabonakalisa umxholo wezinto eziphilayo ekushicileleni nasekudayeni amanzi amdaka anokuthi athotywe yi-microorganisms, kwaye achaze ngokuchanekileyo umxholo wezinto eziphilayo emanzini amdaka.
3. Ukufunyanwa kweChroma
Umbala wokuprinta kunye nokudaya amanzi amdaka unokuvuselela okuthile kwiliso lomntu. Ukufunyaniswa kweChroma kungabonakalisa inqanaba lekhroma kumanzi amdaka kwaye kube nenkcazo ethile yenjongo yenqanaba longcoliseko ekushicileleni nasekudayeni amanzi amdaka.
4. Ukubona ixabiso le-pH
Ixabiso le-pH luphawu olubalulekileyo lokubonisa ubumuncu kunye ne-alkalinity yamanzi amdaka. Kunyango lwebhayoloji, ixabiso le-pH linempembelelo enkulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ixabiso le-pH kufuneka lilawulwe phakathi kwe-6.5-8.5. Ukuphakama kakhulu okanye okuphantsi kakhulu kuya kuchaphazela ukukhula kunye nemisebenzi yemetabolism yezinto eziphilayo.
5. Ukubona initrogen nitrogen
I-ammonia nitrogen luphawu oluqhelekileyo ekushicileleni nasekudayeni amanzi amdaka, kwaye ikwayenye yezalathi ezibalulekileyo zenitrogen. Yimveliso yokubola kwenitrogen ephilayo kunye nenitrogen engaphiliyo ibe yiammonia ekushicileleni nasekudayeni amanzi amdaka. Ukugqithisa i-ammonia nitrogen kuya kukhokelela ekuqokeleleni kwe-nitrogen emanzini, okulula ukubangela i-eutrophication yemizimba yamanzi.
6. Ukufunyanwa kwe-phosphorus iyonke
Iyonke i-phosphorus yityuwa ebalulekileyo yezondlo ekushicileleni nasekudayeni amanzi amdaka. Ukugqithiswa kwe-phosphorus iyonke kuya kukhokelela kwi-eutrophication yemizimba yamanzi kwaye ichaphazele impilo yemizimba yamanzi. I-phosphorus iyonke ekushicileleni nasekudayeni amanzi amdaka ikakhulu ivela kwidayi, abancedisi kunye nezinye iikhemikhali ezisetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokuprinta kunye nokudaya.
Isishwankathelo, izikhombisi zokubeka iliso zokuprinta kunye nokudaya amanzi amdaka ikakhulu zigubungela i-COD, i-BOD, i-chromaticity, ixabiso le-pH, i-ammonia nitrogen, i-phosphorus iyonke kunye neminye imiba. Kuphela ngokuvavanya ngokubanzi ezi zalathisi kunye nokuphatha ngokufanelekileyo ungcoliseko lokuprinta kunye nokudaya amanzi amdaka anokulawulwa ngokufanelekileyo.
I-Lianhua ngumenzi oneminyaka engama-40 yamava ekuveliseni izixhobo zokuvavanya umgangatho wamanzi. Isebenza ngokukodwa ekuboneleleni ngelabhoratriI-COD, i-ammonia nitrogen, i-phosphorus iyonke, initrogen iyonke,I-BOD, isinyithi esinzima, izinto ezingaphili kunye nezinye izixhobo zokuvavanya. Izixhobo zinokuvelisa ngokukhawuleza iziphumo, zilula ukusebenza, kwaye zineziphumo ezichanekileyo. Zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkampani ezahlukeneyo ezinokukhutshwa kwamanzi amdaka.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-24-2024
