Amanzi asisiseko sezinto eziphilayo kwibhayoloji yoMhlaba. Ubutyebi bamanzi zezona meko ziphambili zokugcina uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lwemekobume yendalo yomhlaba. Ngoko ke, ukukhusela ubutyebi bamanzi lolona xanduva lukhulu nolona lungcwele ebantwini. Kule mihla, iya isanda imithombo yamanzi engcolisekileyo, yaye aya encipha namanzi acocekileyo. Iinkampani ezininzi sele ziqalisile ukusebenzisa uvavanyo lwamanzi. Namhlanje, ndiza kukwazisa ngokweenkcukacha.
1. Ukuhambelana nempilo yabantu ngokwasemzimbeni nasengqondweni: Emva kongcoliseko lwamanzi, ngokutsho kwamanzi okusela okanye uthungelwano lokutya, izinto ezingcolisayo zingena emzimbeni, zenze abantu babe bukhali okanye batyhefwe. I-arsenic, i-chromium, i-ammonium, i-benzene (A), njl., inokubangela isifo somhlaza. Amanzi ahlanjululwe kukungcoliseka kwendalo yosulelo lwentsholongwane okanye ezinye iibhaktheriya ze-pathogenic zinokubangela izifo ezahlukeneyo ezisulelayo kunye nosulelo lwe-parasitic.
2. Ukonakaliswa kokwenziwa kwemizi-mveliso: Emva kokuba indawo engqonge umzimba wamanzi ingcolisekile, imali efunekayo kufuneka igalelwe ekucocweni ugutyulo lwamanzi amdaka kwimizi-mveliso ukusombulula iindleko, okukhokelela kubunewunewu nokumoshakala kwemithombo yobutyebi, amandla namandla. Ukumisa ukuvelisa.
3. Umonakalo otyebileyo wesondlo: Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, ioksijini iyanyibilika emanzini. I-oksijini ye-oksijini ayilona nje umgangatho wokuphila kwamanzi e-biological microorganisms, kodwa kunye nokubhaliswa kwe-oksijini ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-air oxidation-reactions emanzini kunye nokukhuthaza ukuguqulwa kwezinto ezingcolileyo. Sisitshixo somgangatho wamanzi endalo acocekileyo.
Ngomkhwa wophuhliso wophuhliso lwentlalo, ingxaki yongcoliseko lwendalo iya ikhula ngakumbi. Kwaye ukususela ekuphunyezweni koluhlu lwe-ISO14000 lweenkcukacha zemveliso, amazwe ehlabathi jikelele aye akhawuleza ukukhangela indlela yokuhlola kunye nokuqinisekisa, kwaye ulwazi lokukhusela imithombo yamanzi luye lwaphuculwa ngakumbi.
1. Ukubona amanzi amdaka:COD, BOD, i-ammonia, i-phosphorus iyonke, i-nitrogen iyonke, i-fluoride, i-sulfides, i-ion enzima, i-anion surface esebenzayo, njl.
I-Industrial Production Wastewater (isiNgesi: Industral Wastewater) iqulathe amanzi amdaka emveliso kunye nemveliso yokuvelisa amanzi amdaka, abhekisa kumanzi amdaka kunye namanzi amdaka abangelwa yiyo yonke inkqubo yokuveliswa kwemveliso. Kuyo Izingcolisi ezibangelwa kwinkqubo yemveliso. Amanzi akhutshiweyo kwinkqubo yokuvelisa.
Ngokweempawu ezibonakalayo zongcoliseko oluphambili kumanzi amdaka emveliso yemveliso, yahlulwe yaba: amanzi amdaka alawulwa zizingcolisi ezingaphiliyo, amanzi amdaka eekhemikhali alawulwa zizingcolisi eziphilayo, amanzi amdaka axubeneyo, isinyithi esinzima esiqulathe iikhompawundi zezinto eziphilayo kunye neekhompawundi ezingaphiliyo, kunye neekhompawundi ezingaphiliyo. amanzi adlula amanzi asemgangathweni, amanzi amdaka aqulethe izinto ezinemitha, kunye nokupholisa amanzi ajikelezayo angcoliswe bubushushu. Umzekelo, amanzi amdaka enkqubo ye-electroplating yamanzi amdaka kunye nenkqubo yokuvelisa izimbiwa ngamanzi amdaka angekhoyo, kwaye amanzi amdaka okutya okanye inkqubo yokwenziwa kweoyile ngamanzi amdaka ekhemikhali.
Ngokweemveliso zeshishini kunye nemveliso kunye nokucwangcisa okujoliswe kuko, zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamanzi amdaka enziwa ngamaphepha, amanzi amdaka elaphu, amanzi amdaka ethowuni, amanzi amdaka esichumiso, amanzi amdaka esinyithi, kunye namanzi amdaka asulungekisa ngaphezulu kwe-oyile.
Izithako eziphambili zongcoliseko kumanzi amdaka zinokwahlulwa zibe yi-pH yamanzi amdaka, amanzi amdaka ealkaline, amanzi amdaka anephenol, amanzi amdaka anechromium, amanzi amdaka e-organic phosphorus, kunye namanzi amdaka ezinto ezinemitha.
Amanzi amdaka kuphela ngaphakathi komgangatho osemgangathweni emva kokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka kunye nokufunyanwa kunokukhutshwa kwindawo echaziweyo. Akuvumelekanga ukukhupha okungaphaya komgangatho kwaye kuthintelwe ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezingekho mthethweni.
Okwesibini, ukufunyaniswa kwempahla, ukutya, indawo yokuhlala kunye nokuthutha amanzi amdaka: ixabiso le-pH, i-CODCR, i-NH3-N, i-TP, i-SS, i-oyile ekrwada, izilwanyana kunye neoli yezityalo, njl.
Okwesithathu, ukubonwa kwamanzi angaphezulu: ixabiso le-pH, i-NH3-N, i-TP, SS, imfuno ye-oksijini ye-biochemical, njl.
Ubume bendalo besiseko samanzi angaphezulu kwamanzi kunye nokugcinwa kwenjongo iyonke ihlelwa njengeendidi ezintlanu ngokobude obusebenzayo. Iindidi ezintlanu zamanzi eendawo zamanzi angaphezulu zohlulwe zibe ziindidi ezintlanu zeprojekthi entsha yomgangatho womphezulu wamanzi angaphezulu. Iintlobo nganye ziphumeza uhlobo oluhambelanayo lwexabiso lesikhombisi. Amaxabiso ezalathisi eziphakamileyo ezineentlobo eziphezulu zokusebenza zibethwe kunamaxabiso esalathisi kunye neentlobo eziphantsi zokusebenza zamanzi. Kumanzi afanayo, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zemisebenzi yesicelo, kwaye amaxabiso esalathisi ahambelana nezona ntlobo zisebenzayo ziyaphunyezwa. Ukugcina umsebenzi wamanzi kunye neentlobo ezisebenzayo zomsebenzi yintsingiselo efanayo.
Okwesine, ukubonwa kwamanzi angaphezulu: amanzi acocekileyo kunye nesikhokelo sombane, isinyithi esinzima esidlula i-ion esemgangathweni, njl.
Iprojekthi entsha:
I-aniline, i-formaldehyde yangaphakathi, i-saturation, i-solids exhonyiweyo, ixabiso le-pH,Imfuno yeoksijini ye-biochemical yeentsuku ezintlanu (BOD5)Isalathisi se-permanganate, i-CODcr, i-phosphorus iyonke, i-polyphosphate, i-chloride, i-arsenic iyonke, i-chromium enehexavalent, i-chromium iyonke, i-hydrogen cyanide, i-phenol eguquguqukayo, i-oyile yezilwanyana kunye nemifuno, i-cationic surfactant, isinyithi, i-manganese, i-nickel, i-phenol eguqukayo, i-oksijini edibeneyo, ubushushu, iyonke initrogen, ubhedu, i-cadmium, i-zinc, ilothe, njl.
Ukubaluleka kokufunyaniswa komgangatho wamanzi:
Ukhuseleko lwamanzi akhuselekileyo: Ukujongwa komgangatho wamanzi kunokufumanisa kwangethuba izinto ezingcolisayo kunye nezinto eziyingozi ezivela kwimithombo yamanzi kunye nothungelwano lwemibhobho, ukuthintela umgangatho wamanzi ekubeni ungcoliswe kwaye uqinisekisa ubomi kunye nempilo yabemi.
Ukubeka iliso kungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo: Izikhululo zokubeka iliso kubulunga bamanzi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zivavanywa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto ezikwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zamanzi zohlobo lwamanzi njengemilambo namachibi, kunye neemeko ezixeliweyo zokungcoliseka kwamanzi okubangelwa ngumthombo wamanzi, umzi-mveliso, kunye nobomi kumthombo wamanzi. umhlaba wezolimo, ishishini, kunye nobomi ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
Uqikelelo lotshintsho lwemithombo yamanzi: Ngokujonga umgangatho wamanzi, unokuwuqonda umgangatho wangoku wococeko, okusingqongileyo kwendalo kunye nemo yongcoliseko lwezixhobo zamanzi, kwaye emva koko uqikelele intsingiselo yemithombo yamanzi kwaye ukhokele uphuhliso nokusetyenziswa kobutyebi bamanzi.
Uvavanyo kunye nesiphumo solawulo: Ukubekwa kweliso okuthe gqolo komgangatho wamanzi kunokuqonda kwangexesha iziphumo zongcoliseko lolawulo kunye neziphumo zalo, kunye nokubonelela ngabasebenzi bolawulo lokusingqongileyo ukuba bahlengahlengise kwaye baphucule isicwangciso solawulo kunye nemilinganiselo ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukuphucula isiphumo solawulo.
Ngamafutshane, ukujongwa komgangatho wamanzi, njengesiseko sophuhliso nokusetyenziswa kobutyebi bamanzi, kudlala isiqinisekiso esibalulekileyo sesiphumo kukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kwendalo, ukuphuculwa kobutyebi nokusetyenziswa, kunye nomgangatho wobomi abemi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-01-2023
