Yintoni i-turbidity?
I-turbidity ibhekisa kwiqondo lothintelo lwesisombululo kwindlela yokukhanya, ebandakanya ukusasazwa kokukhanya ngezinto ezimisiweyo kunye nokufunxwa kokukhanya ngamamolekyuli e-solute.
I-turbidity yiparameter echaza inani lamasuntswana amisiweyo kulwelo. Inxulumene nezinto ezinje ngomxholo, ubungakanani, imilo, kunye nesalathiso se-refractive sezinto ezimisiweyo emanzini. Kuvavanyo lomgangatho wamanzi, i-turbidity luphawu olubalulekileyo, olunokubonisa ukuhlangana kwezinto eziqinileyo ezinqunyanyisiweyo emanzini kwaye ikwasesinye sesiseko sovandlakanyo lweemvakalelo zabantu malunga nomgangatho wamanzi. I-turbidity idla ngokulinganiswa ngokulinganisa ubungakanani bokukhanya okuthe saa emanzini xa ukukhanya kudlula kwisampulu yamanzi. La masuntswana mancinci adla ngokuba mancinci, ngokobukhulu ngokubanzi ngokolandelelwano lwemicrons nangaphantsi. I-turbidity eboniswa zizixhobo zala maxesha ikholisa ukusasaza i-turbidity, kwaye iyunithi yi-NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Units). Umlinganiselo we-turbidity ubaluleke kakhulu ekuhloleni umgangatho wamanzi okusela, kuba awuhambelani kuphela nokucaca kwamanzi, kodwa ubonisa ngokungangqalanga inqanaba lokuxinana kwee-microorganisms emanzini, ezichaphazela umphumo we-disinfection.
I-turbidity ngumlinganiselo ozalanayo omiselwa bubungakanani bokukhanya obunokudlula kwisampulu yamanzi. Ukuphakama kwe-turbidity, ukukhanya okuncinci kuya kudlula kwisampuli kwaye amanzi aya kubonakala "i-cloudier". Amanqanaba aphezulu e-turbidity abangelwa ngamasuntswana aqinileyo axhonywe emanzini, athi asasaze ukukhanya endaweni yokukudlulisa emanzini. Iimpawu ezibonakalayo zamasuntswana axhonyiweyo zinokuchaphazela i-turbidity epheleleyo. Amasuntswana amakhulu amakhulu asasaza ukukhanya kwaye agxininise phambili, ngaloo ndlela enyusa i-turbidity ngokuphazamisa ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya emanzini. Ubungakanani besuntswana buchaphazela umgangatho wokukhanya; amasuntswana amakhulu asasaza amaza amaza okukhanya ngokulula ngakumbi kunobude obufutshane, ngelixa amasuntswana amancinane anesiphumo esikhulu sokusasazeka kubude obufutshane bamaza. Ukunyuka kwe-particle concentration kunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya njengoko ukukhanya kudibana nenani elongeziweyo leengqungquthela kwaye lihamba umgama omfutshane phakathi kwamaqhekeza, okubangelwa ukuchithwa kwezinto ezininzi ngeqhekeza ngalinye.
Umgaqo wokufumanisa
I-turbidity 90-degree scattering method yindlela eqhelekileyo esetyenziswayo yokulinganisa ukungqubeka kwezisombululo. Le ndlela isekelwe kwi-phenomenon yokusabalalisa echazwe yi-equation ye-Lorentz-Boltzmann. Le ndlela isebenzisa i-photometer okanye i-photometer ukulinganisa ubunzulu bokukhanya obudlula isampuli phantsi kovavanyo kunye nobukhulu bokukhanya obusasazwa yisampuli kwi-90-degree-scattering direction, kwaye ibala i-turbidity yesampuli ngokusekelwe kumaxabiso alinganisiweyo. Ithiyori yokusasaza esetyenziswe kule ndlela yile: Umthetho weBeer-Lambert. Le theorem ichaza ukuba phantsi kwesenzo se-wave wave plane wave, impendulo ye-electro-optical ngaphakathi kweyunithi ubude iyancipha kunye nomsebenzi we-exponential wobude bendlela ye-optical, okuyiyo umthetho we-Beer-Lambert we-classic. Ngamanye amazwi, imitha yokukhanya ebetha amasuntswana anqunyanyiswe kwisisombululo asasazeke kaninzi, kwaye eminye imitha isasazeke kwii-angles ezingama-90. Xa usebenzisa le ndlela, isixhobo siya kulinganisa umlinganiselo wokukhanya kokukhanya okuhlakazwe ngala maqhekeza kwi-angle ye-90-degree ukuya kubukhulu bokukhanya okudlula kwisampuli ngaphandle kokusabalalisa. Njengoko i-concentration ye-turbidity particles inyuka, ukuqina kokukhanya okusasazekayo kuya kwanda, kwaye umlinganiselo uya kuba mkhulu, ngoko ke, ubukhulu bomlinganiselo bulingana nenani leengqungquthela ekumisweni.
Enyanisweni, xa ukulinganisa, umthombo wokukhanya ungeniswa ngokuthe nkqo kwisampulu kwaye isampuli ibekwe kwindawo kunye ne-angle yokusabalalisa ye-90 °. Ixabiso le-turbidity yesampulu inokufumaneka ngokulinganisa ukukhanya kokukhanya kulinganiswe ngokuthe ngqo ngaphandle kokudlula isampuli kunye ne-90 ° ukukhanya okusasazeka kokukhanya okwenziwe kwisampuli kunye ne-photometer, kwaye kudibaniswe nendlela yokubala umbala.
Le ndlela inokuchaneka okuphezulu kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimilinganiselo ye-turbidity emanzini, amanzi amdaka, ukutya, amayeza kunye neendawo zokusingqongileyo.
Ngowuphi owona nobangela wobugqwirha kumanzi angaphezulu?
I-turbidity emanzini angaphezulu ibangelwa ikakhulu yinto emisiwe emanzini. 12
Ezi zinto zinqunyanyisiweyo ziquka intlenga, udongwe, i-organic matter, inorganic matter, into edadayo kunye nemicroorganisms, njl.njl., eziya kuthintela ukukhanya ekungeneni kumzimba wamanzi, ngaloo ndlela kwenze ukuba umzimba wamanzi ube mdaka. La masuntswana mancinci asenokusuka kwiinkqubo zendalo, ezifana nezaqhwithi, ukukhukulwa kwamanzi, ukuvuthuza komoya, njl. Umlinganiselo we-turbidity ukholisa ukuba kumlinganiselo othile kumxholo wezinto eziqinileyo ezinqunyanyisiweyo emanzini. Ngokulinganisa ubunzulu bokukhanya okusasaziweyo, ukuhlangana kwezinto eziqinileyo emanzini kunokuqondwa ngokuqikelelwayo.
Umlinganiselo wobunzima
Imitha ye-turbidity ye-Lianhua ye-LH-P305 isebenzisa i-90 ° indlela yokukhanya esasaziweyo, kunye noluhlu lokulinganisa lwe-0-2000NTU. Amaza amabini angatshintshwa ngokuzenzekelayo ukunqanda uphazamiseko lwekhromaticity yamanzi. Umlinganiselo ulula kwaye iziphumo zichanekile. Indlela yokulinganisa i-turbidity
1. Vula imitha ye-turbidity ephathwayo ye-LH-P305 ukutshisa kwangaphambili, iyunithi yi-NTU.
2. Thatha iityhubhu ze-colorimetric ezicocekileyo.
3. Thatha i-10ml yamanzi adibeneyo kwaye uyibeke kwi-tube ye-colorimetric yeNombolo.
4. Thatha i-10ml yesampuli kwaye uyifake kwi-tube colorimetric No. 2. Sula udonga lwangaphandle lucoceke.
5. Vula itanki ye-colorimetric, faka kwi-tube ye-colorimetric yeNombolo, cinezela iqhosha le-0, kwaye isikrini siya kubonisa i-0 NTU.
6. Thatha i-tube ye-colorimetric ye-1, faka kwi-tube ye-colorimetric yeNombolo ye-2, cinezela iqhosha lokulinganisa, kwaye isikrini siya kubonisa umphumo.
Isicelo kunye nesishwankathelo
I-turbidity ngumlinganiselo obalulekileyo wobulunga bamanzi kuba sesona salathisi sibonakalayo sendlela “ucoceke” ngayo umthombo wamanzi. I-turbidity ephezulu ingabonisa ubukho bokungcola kwamanzi okunobungozi kubomi babantu, izilwanyana kunye nezityalo, kubandakanywa ibhaktheriya, i-protozoa, izondlo (ezifana ne-nitrate kunye ne-phosphorus), i-pesticides, i-mercury, i-load kunye nezinye izinyithi. Ukwanda kobugxwayiba kumanzi angaphezulu kwenza amanzi angakulungeli ukusetyenziswa ngabantu kwaye anokubonelela ngezifo ezisemanzini ezinjengeentsholongwane ezibangela izifo kumphezulu emanzini. Ubugqwirha obuphezulu busenokubangelwa ngamanzi amdaka asuka kwiinkqubo zogutyulo, ukuqengqeleka ezidolophini, kunye nokukhukuliseka komhlaba kuphuhliso. Ngoko ke, umlinganiselo wobunzima kufuneka usetyenziswe ngokubanzi, ngakumbi entsimini. Izixhobo ezilula zinokwenza lula ukulawulwa kweemeko zamanzi ngamacandelo ahlukeneyo kunye nokukhusela ngokudibeneyo uphuhliso lwexesha elide lobutyebi bamanzi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-30-2024
