Ingqikelelo yeklorini eseleyo
Intsalela yeklorini sisixa seklorini ekhoyo eseleyo emanzini emva kokuba amanzi ekhutshelwe iklorin kwaye abulawe iintsholongwane.
Le nxalenye yeklorini yongezwa ngexesha lenkqubo yokunyanga amanzi ukubulala ibhaktheriya, i-microorganisms, i-organic matter kunye ne-inorganic matter emanzini. I-chlorine eshiyekileyo sisalathisi esibalulekileyo sesiphumo sokubulala iintsholongwane kwimithombo yamanzi. Intsalela yeklorini inokohlulwa ibe ziindidi ezimbini, ezizezi, intsalela yeklorin ekhululekileyo kunye nekhlorin eyintsalela edityanisiweyo. I-chlorine eshiyekileyo yasimahla ibandakanya iklorini yasimahla ngohlobo lweCl2, HOCl, OCl-, njl.; I-chlorine eyintsalela edityanisiweyo yi-chlorine yezinto eziveliswa emva kokusabela kweklorin yasimahla kunye nezinto ze-ammonium, ezifana ne-NH2Cl, i-NHCl2, i-NCl3, njl. i-chlorine eseleyo edibeneyo.
Isixa seklorine eshiyekileyo siqhele ukulinganiswa ngeemilligrams ilitha nganye. Isixa seklorini eshiyekileyo kufuneka sifaneleke, singabi phezulu kakhulu okanye sisezantsi kakhulu. Ukuba phezulu kakhulu intsalela yeklorini kuya kubangela ukuba amanzi anuke, ngelixa intsalela yeklorin ephantsi kakhulu inokubangela ukuba amanzi aphulukane namandla awo okugcina inzala kunye nokunciphisa ukhuseleko lococeko lonikezelo lwamanzi. Ngoko ke, kunyango lwamanzi ompompo, inqanaba le-chlorine eseleyo lihlala libekwe iliso kwaye lihlengahlengiswe ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokufaneleka komgangatho wamanzi.
Indima yeklorini kunyango lokubulala iintsholongwane ezidolophini
1. Indima ye-chlorine yokubulala iintsholongwane
I-Chlorination yindlela esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo yokubulala iintsholongwane kunyango lwelindle ezidolophini. Imisebenzi yayo ephambili yile ilandelayo:
1. Isiphumo esihle sokubulala iintsholongwane
Kunyango lwelindle, iklorine inokubulala iibhaktheriya ezininzi kunye neentsholongwane. I-Chlorine yenza ii-microorganisms zingasebenzi ngokufaka i-oxidizing iiprotheni zabo kunye ne-nucleic acids. Ukongeza, i-chlorine inokubulala amaqanda kunye nama-cysts kwezinye iiparasite.
2. Impembelelo ye-oxidizing kumgangatho wamanzi
Ukongeza iklorini inokwenza i-oxidize into ephilayo emanzini, ibangela ukuba i-organic matter idityaniswe ibe yi-inorganic acids, i-carbon dioxide kunye nezinye izinto. I-Chlorine isabela kunye ne-organic matter emanzini ukuvelisa i-oxidants efana ne-hypochlorous acid kunye ne-chlorine monoxide, ethi yona ibolise i-organic matter.
3. Ukuthintela ukukhula kwebhaktheriya
Ukongeza isixa esifanelekileyo seklorini kunokuthintela ukukhula kwezinye iimicroorganisms, ukunciphisa umthamo we-sludge kwitanki yokusabela, kunye nokunciphisa ubunzima kunye neendleko zonyango olulandelayo.
2. Izinto eziluncedo kunye nokungalunganga kweChlorine Disinfection
1. Izinto eziluncedo
(1) Isiphumo esihle sokubulala iintsholongwane: Idosi efanelekileyo yeklorini inokubulala iibhaktheriya ezininzi kunye neentsholongwane.
(2) I-dosing elula: Isixhobo se-chlorine dosing sinesakhiwo esilula kwaye kulula ukusigcina.
(3) Iindleko eziphantsi: Iindleko zezixhobo zokuhambisa i-chlorine ziphantsi kwaye kulula ukuzithenga.
2. Izinto ezingeloncedo
(1) I-Chlorine ivelisa izinto ezinobungozi ezifana ne-hypochloronitrile: Xa i-chlorine isabela nge-nitrogen-containing organic matter, izinto ezinobungozi ezifana ne-hypochloronitrile ziyaveliswa, eziya kubangela ukungcoliseka kwendalo.
(2) Ingxaki yokushiyeka kweklorini: Ezinye iimveliso zeklorini aziguquguquki kwaye ziya kuhlala kumanzi, zichaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi okulandelayo okanye iingxaki zokusingqongileyo.
3. Imiba ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo xa yongeza iklorini
1. Ukugxininiswa kweklorini
Ukuba i-chlorine yoxinaniso iphantsi kakhulu, umphumo we-disinfection awunakufezekiswa kwaye ugutyulo alukwazi ukutshatyalaliswa ngokufanelekileyo; ukuba i-chlorine yoxinaniso iphezulu kakhulu, umxholo we-chlorine oseleyo kumzimba wamanzi uya kuba phezulu, ubangele umonakalo kumzimba womntu.
2. Ixesha lokutofa nge-chlorine
Ixesha lokutofa kweklorini kufuneka likhethwe kwinkqubo yokugqibela yokuhamba kwenkqubo yokucoca ugutyulo ukuthintela ugutyulo ekulahlekelweni yiklorini okanye ukuvelisa ezinye iimveliso zokubilisa kwezinye iinkqubo, ngaloo ndlela zichaphazela umphumo wokubulala iintsholongwane.
3. Ukukhethwa kweemveliso zeklorini
Iimveliso zeklorini ezahlukeneyo zinamaxabiso ahlukeneyo kunye nokusebenza kwiimarike, kwaye ukukhethwa kweemveliso kufuneka kusekelwe kwiimeko ezithile.
Ngamafutshane, ukongeza iklorini yenye yeendlela ezisebenzayo zokunyanga amanzi amdaka asezidolophini kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane. Kwinkqubo yokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka, ukusetyenziswa okunengqiqo kunye nenaliti yeklorini kunokuqinisekisa ngokufanelekileyo ukhuseleko lomgangatho wamanzi kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokucocwa kogutyulo. Nangona kunjalo, kukwakho neenkcukacha zobugcisa kunye nemiba yokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo ekufuneka ihoywe xa ifaka iklorini.
Kutheni iklorine yongezwa kunyango lwamanzi:
Kwinqanaba elimdaka lamanzi ompompo kunye nezityalo zokucocwa kogutyulo, inkqubo ye-chlorine yokubulala iintsholongwane isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukubulala iibhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane emanzini. Kunyango lwamanzi okupholisa okujikeleza kwimizi-mveliso, i-chlorine sterilization kunye nenkqubo yokususwa kwe-algae nayo iyasetyenziswa, kuba ngexesha lokupholisa inkqubo yokujikeleza kwamanzi, ngenxa yokuphuma komphunga inxalenye yamanzi, izondlo emanzini zigxininiswe, iibhaktheriya kunye nezinye ii-microorganisms. izakuphindaphindeka ngamanani amakhulu, kwaye kulula ukwenza i-slime Ukungcola, i-slime engaphezulu kunye nokungcola kunokubangela ukuvaleka kwemibhobho kunye nokuhlwa.
Ukuba intsalela yeklorini yoxinaniso kumanzi etephu iphezulu kakhulu, ezona bungozi ziphambili zezi:
1. Iyacaphukisa kakhulu kwaye iyingozi kwinkqubo yokuphefumula.
2. Isabela ngokulula kunye ne-organic matter emanzini ukuvelisa i-carcinogens efana ne-chloroform kunye ne-chloroform.
3. Njengemveliso ekrwada, inokuba neziphumo ezibi. Umzekelo, xa isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iimveliso zewayini yerayisi, iba nefuthe lokubulala iintsholongwane kwigwele kwinkqubo yokubiliswa kwaye ichaphazela umgangatho wewayini. Ngenxa yokuba iklorini isetyenziselwa ukuhlambulula amanzi ompompo, kwaye i-chlorine eseleyo iya kuvelisa i-carcinogens njenge-chloroform ngexesha lenkqubo yokufudumeza. Ukusela ixesha elide kuya kubangela umonakalo omkhulu kumzimba womntu. Ngokukodwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ungcoliseko lomthombo wamanzi luye lwaba lukhulu ngakumbi nangakumbi, olukhokelela ngokuthe ngqo ekwandeni komxholo we-chlorine oseleyo kumanzi ompompo.
Zeziphi iindlela zokulinganisa intsalela yeklorini?
1. DPD colorimetry
Umgaqo: Ngaphantsi kwe-pH 6.2 ~ 6.5 iimeko, i-ClO2 iqala ukusabela kunye ne-DPD kwinqanaba le-1 ukuvelisa i-compound ebomvu, kodwa isixa sibonakala sifikelela kuphela kwisihlanu se-chlorine ekhoyo (elingana nokunciphisa i-ClO2 kwi-chlorite ions) enye. Ukuba isampuli yamanzi i-acidified phambi kwe-iodide, i-chlorite kunye ne-chlorate nayo isabela, kwaye xa ingathathi hlangothi ngokongezwa kwe-bicarbonate, umbala obangelwayo uhambelana nomxholo okhoyo we-chlorine we-ClO2. Ukuphazamiseka kweklorini yamahhala kunokulawulwa ngokufaka i-glycine. Isiseko kukuba i-glycine inokuguqula ngokukhawuleza i-chlorine yamahhala kwi-chlorinated aminoacetic acid, kodwa ayinayo impembelelo kwi-ClO2.
2. Indlela ye-electrode edibeneyo
Umgaqo: I-electrode igxininiswe kwigumbi le-electrolyte, kwaye igumbi le-electrolyte lidibene namanzi nge-porous hydrophilic membrane. I-asidi ye-Hypochlorous isasazeka kwi-electrolyte cavity ngokusebenzisa i-membrane ye-hydrophilic e-porous, yenza umsinga kwi-electrode surface. Ubungakanani bangoku buxhomekeke kwisantya apho i-hypochlorous acid isasazeka kwi-electrolyte cavity. Izinga lokusasaza lilingana nokuxinana kweklorini eseleyo kwisisombululo. Linganisa ubungakanani bangoku. Ukuxinwa kwe-chlorine eseleyo kwisisombululo kunokumiselwa.
3. Indlela ye-electrode yombane rhoqo (indlela ye-electrode engenamembrane)
Umgaqo: Ikhono elizinzile ligcinwa phakathi komlinganiselo kunye nereferensi ye-electrodes, kwaye amacandelo alinganisiweyo ahlukeneyo aya kuvelisa amandla ahlukeneyo akhoyo ngoku. Iqukethe i-electrode ezimbini zeplatinam kunye ne-electrode yereferensi ukwenza inkqubo yokulinganisa i-microcurrent. Kwi-electrode yokulinganisa, iamolekyu zeklorini okanye i-hypochlorite idliwe, kwaye ubuninzi bezinto zangoku eziveliswayo zihambelana nokuxinwa kwe-chlorine eseleyo emanzini.
Isixhobo sokulinganisa i-LH-P3CLO esiphathekayo se-Lianhua se-LH-P3CLO sisebenzisa indlela yobhaqo ye-DPD, elula ukuyisebenzisa kwaye inokuvelisa iziphumo ngokukhawuleza. Udinga kuphela ukongeza ii-reagents ezi-2 kunye nesampuli ukuba ivavanywe, kwaye unokufumana iziphumo zokuthelekisa umbala. Uluhlu lokulinganisa lubanzi, iimfuno zilula, kwaye iziphumo zichanekile.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-30-2024
