Kutheni le nto amanzi amdaka anetyuwa eninzi kunzima kangaka ukuwanyanga?Kufuneka siqale siqonde ukuba yintoni amanzi amdaka anetyuwa eninzi kunye nefuthe lamanzi amdaka anetyuwa eninzi kwinkqubo yebhayoloji!Eli nqaku lixoxa kuphela ngonyango lwe-biochemical yamanzi amdaka anetyuwa eninzi!
1. Yintoni amanzi amdaka anetyuwa eninzi?
Amanzi amdaka anetyuwa eninzi abhekisa kumanzi amdaka anetyuwa epheleleyo ubuncinane be-1% (elingana ne-10,000mg/L).Ikakhulu ivela kwizityalo zemichiza kunye nokuqokelela kunye nokulungiswa kweoli kunye negesi yendalo.La manzi amdaka aneentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto (kuquka iityuwa, ioyile, isinyithi esinzima esiphilayo kunye nemathiriyeli yokusasazeka kwemitha).Amanzi amdaka anetyuwa aveliswa ngoluhlu olubanzi lwemithombo, kwaye umthamo wamanzi uyanda unyaka nonyaka.Ukususa ungcoliseko lwendalo kumanzi amdaka anetyuwa kunefuthe elibalulekileyo kokusingqongileyo.Iindlela zebhayoloji zisetyenziselwa unyango.Izinto zetyuwa ezigxininisiweyo eziphezulu zinefuthe lokuthintela kwii-microorganisms.Iindlela zenyama kunye neekhemikhali zisetyenziselwa unyango, olufuna utyalo-mali olukhulu kunye neendleko eziphezulu zokusebenza, kwaye kunzima ukufezekisa umphumo olindelekileyo wokucoca.Ukusetyenziswa kweendlela zebhayoloji ukunyanga amanzi amdaka anjalo kuseyingqwalasela yophando ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe.
Iindidi kunye neempawu zeekhemikhali zezinto eziphilayo kumanzi amdaka anetyuwa eninzi ahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwinkqubo yokuvelisa, kodwa iityuwa eziqulethwe zininzi iityuwa ezifana neCl-, SO42-, Na +, Ca2 +.Nangona ezi ion zizondlo eziyimfuneko ekukhuleni kwe-microorganisms, zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni ukusabela kwe-enzymatic, ukugcina ibhalansi ye-membrane kunye nokulawula uxinzelelo lwe-osmotic ngexesha lokukhula kwe-microorganisms.Nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-concentration yezi ion iphezulu kakhulu, iya kuba nemiphumo yokuthintela kunye netyhefu kwii-microorganisms.Iimpawu eziphambili zezi: ityuwa ephezulu, uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-osmotic, ukuchithwa kwamanzi kwiiseli ze-microbial, kubangela ukuhlukana kweprotoplasm yeseli;ukutyiwa kwetyuwa kunciphisa umsebenzi we-dehydrogenase;ii-ion zekloridi eziphezulu Iintsholongwane ziyityhefu;Uxinzelelo lwetyuwa luphezulu, ukuxinana kwamanzi amdaka kuyenyuka, kwaye udaka olusebenzayo ludada lula kwaye lulahleka, nto leyo echaphazela kakhulu isiphumo sokucocwa kwenkqubo yonyango yebhayoloji.
2. Impembelelo yetyuwa kwiinkqubo ze-biochemical
1. Ukukhokelela ekuphelelweni kwamanzi kunye nokufa kwee-microorganisms
Kwiqondo eliphezulu letyuwa, utshintsho kuxinzelelo lwe-osmotic lungoyena nobangela.Ingaphakathi lebhaktiriya yindawo evaliweyo.Kufuneka itshintshe izinto eziluncedo kunye namandla kunye nokusingqongileyo kwangaphandle ukugcina amandla ayo.Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kwakhona ithintele uninzi lwezinto zangaphandle ekungeneni ukunqanda ukonakalisa i-biochemistry yangaphakathi.Ukuphazamiseka kunye nokuphazamiseka kwempendulo.
Ukunyuka kwetyuwa kubangele ukuxinwa kwesisombululo ngaphakathi kweebhaktheriya kube ngaphantsi kwehlabathi langaphandle.Ngaphezu koko, ngenxa yophawu lwamanzi ahamba ukusuka ekugxininiseni okuphantsi ukuya kugxininiso oluphezulu, inani elikhulu lamanzi lilahlekile kwiibhaktheriya, ezibangela utshintsho kwindawo yazo yangaphakathi ye-biochemical reaction, ekugqibeleni itshabalalise inkqubo yabo ye-biochemical reaction de iphazamiseke., iintsholongwane ziyafa.
2. Ukuphazamisa inkqubo yokufunxa izinto ezincinci kunye nokuthintela ukufa kwabo
I-membrane yeseli inophawu lokungena okukhethiweyo ukuhluza izinto ezinobungozi kwimisebenzi yobomi bebhaktiriya kwaye ifunxe izinto eziluncedo kwimisebenzi yayo yobomi.Le nkqubo yokufunxa ichaphazeleka ngokuthe ngqo kugxininiso lwesisombululo, ukucoceka kwezinto eziphathekayo, njl njl. yendawo yangaphandle.Ukongezwa kwetyuwa kubangela ukuba indawo yokufunxa ibhaktheriya iphazamiseke okanye ivalwe, ekugqibeleni ibangele ukuba umsebenzi wobomi bebhaktheriya uthintelwe okanye ufe.Le meko iyahluka kakhulu ngenxa yeemeko zebhaktheriya nganye, iimeko zeentlobo, iintlobo zetyuwa kunye noxinzelelo lwetyuwa.
3. Ityhefu kunye nokufa kwee-microorganisms
Ezinye iityuwa ziya kungena ngaphakathi kweebhaktheriya kunye nemisebenzi yazo yobomi, zitshabalalise iinkqubo zabo zangaphakathi ze-biochemical reaction, kwaye ezinye ziya kusebenzisana ne-bacterial cell membrane, zibangele iipropati zabo ukuba zitshintshe kwaye zingabakhuseli okanye zingasakwazi ukufunxa okuthile. izinto eziyingozi kwiibhaktheriya.Izinto eziluncedo, ngaloo ndlela zibangela ukuba umsebenzi obalulekileyo weebhaktheriya uthintelwe okanye iibhaktheriya zife.Phakathi kwazo, iityuwa zetsimbi enzima ngabameli, kwaye ezinye iindlela zokuvala inzala zisebenzisa lo mgaqo.
Uphando lubonisa ukuba impembelelo yobutyuwa obuphezulu kunyango lwe-biochemical ibonakala ikakhulu kule miba ilandelayo:
1. Njengoko ityuwa isanda, ukukhula kodaka olusebenzayo kuyachaphazeleka.Utshintsho kwi-curve yayo yokukhula ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ixesha lokulungelelanisa liba lide;izinga lokukhula kwixesha lokukhula kwe-logarithmic liya licotha;kunye nobude bexesha lokukhula kokunciphisa liba lide.
2. Ubutyuwa bomeleza ukuphefumla kwe-microbial kunye ne-cell lysis.
3. Ubutyuwa bunciphisa ukonakaliswa kwezinto eziphilayo kunye nokonakala kwezinto eziphilayo.Ukunciphisa izinga lokususa kunye nezinga lokuthotywa kwezinto eziphilayo.
3. Ingakanani ityuwa enokumelana ne-biochemical system?
NgokoMgangatho woMgangatho waManzi oGutyulo olulahlwa kwiMijelo eGutyulwa eDolophini” (CJ-343-2010), xa ungena kwindawo yokucocwa kogutyulo kunyango lwesibini, umgangatho wamanzi amdaka alahlwa kwimibhobho emdaka yasezidolophini kufuneka uhambelane neemfuno zeBakala B (Itheyibhile). 1), phakathi kwayo i-chlorine Amachiza 600 mg / L, sulfate 600 mg / L.
NgokweSihlomelo sesi-3 se-"Code for Design of Outdoor Drainage" (GBJ 14-87) (GB50014-2006 kunye ne-2011 editions ayicacisi umxholo wetyuwa), "Ukuxinwa okuvumelekileyo kwezinto ezinobungozi kumanzi okungena kwizakhiwo zonyango lwebhayoloji", Uxinzelelo oluvumelekileyo lwesodium chloride yi-4000mg/L.
Idatha yamava yobunjineli ibonisa ukuba xa i-chloride ion concentration kumanzi amdaka ingaphezu kwe-2000mg / L, umsebenzi we-microorganisms uya kuvinjelwa kwaye izinga lokususwa kwe-COD liya kuncitshiswa kakhulu;xa i-chloride ion concentration kumanzi amdaka ingaphezulu kwe-8000mg/L, umthamo we-sludge uya kwandiswa.Ukwandiswa, inani elikhulu le-foam libonakala phezu kwamanzi, kwaye ii-microorganisms ziya kufa emva komnye.
Ngaphantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, sikholelwa ukuba i-chloride ion concentration enkulu kune-2000mg / L kunye nomxholo wetyuwa ongaphantsi kwe-2% (elingana ne-20000mg / L) inokunyangwa ngendlela ye-sludge esebenzayo.Nangona kunjalo, okukhona isiqulatho setyuwa siphezulu, kokukhona ixesha lokuqhelaniswa lide.Kodwa khumbula into enye, Umxholo wetyuwa wamanzi angenayo kufuneka uzinzile kwaye awukwazi ukuguquguquka kakhulu, ngaphandle koko inkqubo ye-biochemical ayiyi kukwazi ukumelana nayo.
4. Amanyathelo onyango lwe-biochemical system yamanzi amdaka anetyuwa eninzi
1. Ukwenziwa kwasekhaya kodaka olusebenzayo
Xa ubutyuwa bungaphantsi kwe-2g/L, ilindle elinetyuwa linokucocwa ngokufakwa ekhaya.Ngokwandisa ngokuthe ngcembe umxholo wetyuwa wamanzi e-biochemical feed, ii-microorganisms ziya kulungelelanisa uxinzelelo lwe-osmotic ngaphakathi kweeseli okanye zikhusele iprotoplasm ngaphakathi kweeseli ngeendlela zabo zokulawula uxinzelelo lwe-osmotic.Ezi ndlela zokulawula ziquka ukuqokelelwa kwezinto ezinobunzima be-molecular ephantsi ukwenza i-extracellular layer protective layer and control themselves.Iindlela ze-Metabolic, utshintsho kwi-genetic composition, njl.
Ke ngoko, udaka oluqhelekileyo olusebenzayo lunokunyanga amanzi amdaka anetyuwa ephezulu kuluhlu oluthile lwetyuwa ngokufuywa ekhaya kangangexesha elithile.Nangona i-sludge esebenzayo inokunyusa uluhlu lokunyamezela ityuwa yenkqubo kunye nokuphucula unyango olusebenzayo lwenkqubo ngokuqhutyelwa ekhaya, ukufuywa kwe-sludge esebenzayo I-Microorganisms inoluhlu olulinganiselwe lokunyamezela ityuwa kwaye lunovelwano kwiinguqu zendalo.Xa indawo ye-chloride ion itshintsha ngokukhawuleza, ukulungelelaniswa kwe-microorganisms kuya kunyamalala ngokukhawuleza.I-Domestication luhlengahlengiso lwexeshana lwe-physiological of microorganisms ukulungelelanisa nokusingqongileyo kwaye alunampawu zofuzo.Olu buntununtunu obuguqukayo luyingozi kakhulu kunyango lwelindle.
Ixesha le-aclimation ye-sludge esebenzayo ngokuqhelekileyo yi-7-10 iintsuku.I-Acclimation inokuphucula ukunyamezela kwe-sludge microorganisms kwi-concentration yetyuwa.Ukuncitshiswa koxinzelelo lwe-sludge olusebenzayo kwisigaba sokuqala sokukhula kungenxa yokwanda kwetyhefu yetyuwa kwisisombululo se-microorganisms kwaye kubangele ukufa kwezinye ii-microorganisms.Ibonisa ukukhula okubi.Kwinqanaba lokugqibela lokufuywa ekhaya, ii-microorganisms eziye zaqhelana nendawo etshintshileyo ziqala ukuzala, ngoko ukuxinwa kwe-sludge esebenzayo kuyanda.Ukuthatha ukususwa kweCODnge-sludge esebenzayo kwi-1.5% kunye ne-2.5% yezisombululo ze-sodium chloride njengomzekelo, amazinga okususwa kwe-COD kwisigaba sokuqala kunye nesokugqibela se-acclimation: 60%, 80% kunye ne-40%, 60% ngokulandelanayo.
2. Nciphisa amanzi
Ukuze kuncitshiswe ukuxinwa kwetyuwa kwinkqubo ye-biochemical, amanzi angenayo anokuthi ahlanjululwe ukwenzela ukuba umxholo wetyuwa ungaphantsi kwexabiso lomda wetyhefu, kwaye unyango lwe-biological aluyi kuvinjelwa.Inzuzo yayo kukuba indlela ilula kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa nokulawula;isiphene sayo kukuba inyusa isikali sokusebenza, utyalo-mali lweziseko ezingundoqo kunye neendleko zokusebenza.
3. Khetha ibhaktheriya ekwazi ukunyamezela ityuwa
Iibhaktheriya zeHalotolerant ligama eliqhelekileyo kwiibhaktheriya ezinokunyamezela ukugxila okuphezulu kwetyuwa.Kwimizi-mveliso, ubukhulu becala ziintlobo ezinyanzelekileyo ezithi zihlolwe kwaye zityetyiswe.Okwangoku, eyona tyuwa iphezulu inokunyamezela malunga ne-5% kwaye inokusebenza ngokuzinzileyo.Ikwathathwa njengoluhlobo lwamanzi amdaka anetyuwa eninzi.Indlela yonyango lwe-biochemical!
4. Khetha ukuhamba kwenkqubo efanelekileyo
Iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zonyango zikhethwa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomxholo we-chloride ion, kwaye inkqubo ye-anaerobic ikhethwe ngokufanelekileyo ukunciphisa ukunyamezela koxinzelelo lwe-ion chloride kwicandelo elilandelayo le-aerobic.
Xa ityuwa ingaphezu kwe-5g/L, ukuphuphuma komphunga kunye nokugxininiswa kokukhutshwa kwetyuwa yeyona ndlela yongayo nesebenzayo.Ezinye iindlela, njengeendlela zokuvelisa iintsholongwane ezinetyuwa, zineengxaki ekunzima ukuzisebenzisa kwimizi-mveliso.
Inkampani yaseLianhua inokubonelela ngohlalutyi olukhawulezayo lweCOD ukuvavanya amanzi amdaka aphezulu anetyuwa kuba i-reagent yethu yeekhemikhali inokukhusela amashumi amawaka okuphazamiseka kwe-ion ye-chloride.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-25-2024
