I-turbidity ibhekisela kwiqondo lokuthintela isisombululo kwindlela yokukhanya, okubandakanya ukusasazwa kokukhanya ngento emisiwe kunye nokufunxa ukukhanya ngama-molecule e-solute. I-turbidity yamanzi ayihambelani kuphela nomxholo wezinto ezimisiweyo emanzini, kodwa zihambelana nobukhulu bazo, imilo kunye nesalathisi se-refractive. Iyunithi yi-NTU.
I-turbidity idla ngokulungele ukumiselwa komgangatho wamanzi wamanzi endalo, amanzi okusela kunye namanzi athile emizi-mveliso. Izinto eziqinileyo kunye ne-colloids ezifana nomhlaba, intlenga, i-organic matter ecolekileyo, inorganic matter, kunye neplankton emanzini zinokwenza amanzi adideke kwaye abonise ukungqubeka okuthile. Ngokutsho kohlalutyo lomgangatho wamanzi, i-turbidity eyenziwe yi-1 mg SiO2 kumanzi e-1L yiyunithi enye ye-Standard turbidity, ebizwa ngokuba yi-1 degree. Ngokuqhelekileyo, okukhona i-turbidity iphezulu, kokukhona isisombululo siguquguquka. Ukulawulwa kwe-turbidity yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokucoca amanzi kwimizi-mveliso kunye nesalathisi esibalulekileyo somgangatho wamanzi. Ngokokusetyenziswa kwamanzi okwahlukeneyo, kukho iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zobunzima. I-turbidity yamanzi okusela akufanele idlule i-1NTU; i-turbidity yamanzi ongezelelweyo okujikeleza ukucocwa kwamanzi okupholisa kufuneka ibe yi-2 ukuya kwi-5 degrees; Amanzi anempembelelo (amanzi akrwada) okucoca amanzi anetyuwa anetyuwa Iqondo le-turbidity kufuneka libe ngaphantsi kwe-3 degrees; ukwenziwa kweentsinga ezenziwe ngabantu kufuna ukuba ukungqubeka kwamanzi kufuneka kube ngaphantsi kwe-0.3 degrees. Ekubeni iinqununu ezimisiweyo kunye ne-colloidal ezenza i-turbidity zihlala zizinzile kwaye zininzi zihlawuliswa kakubi, aziyi kuhlala ngaphandle kokunyangwa kweekhemikhali. Kunyango lwamanzi kwimizi-mveliso, iindlela zokudibanisa, ukucaciswa kunye nokucoca zisetyenziselwa kakhulu ukunciphisa ukungcola kwamanzi.
Umlinganiselo wobunzima
I-turbidity inokulinganiswa nge-nephelometer. I-nephelometer ithumela ukukhanya ngecandelo lesampulu kwaye ilinganisa ukuba kungakanani ukukhanya okusasazwe ngamasuntswana emanzini kwi-angle ye-90 ° kwisibane sesiganeko. Le ndlela yokulinganisa ukukhanya okuthe saa ibizwa ngokuba yindlela yokusasaza. Nabuphi na ubugqwirha bokwenyani kufuneka bulinganiswe ngolu hlobo. Imitha ye-turbidity ifanelekile kuzo zombini imilinganiselo yentsimi kunye nelabhoratri, kunye nokubeka iliso rhoqo ubusuku nemini.
Kukho iindlela ezintathu zokubona i-turbidity: I-Formazin Nephelometric Units (FNU) kwi-ISO 7027, i-Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) kwi-USEPA Indlela ye-180.1 kunye ne-Nephelometry kwi-HJ1075-2019. I-ISO 7027 kunye ne-FNU zisetyenziswa kakhulu eYurophu, ngelixa i-NTU isetyenziswa kakhulu e-United States nakwamanye amazwe. I-ISO 7027 ibonelela ngeendlela zokumisela ukungcola kumgangatho wamanzi. Isetyenziselwa ukumisela ukuxinwa kweengqungquthela ezimisiweyo kwisampulu yamanzi ngokulinganisa ukukhanya kwesiganeko esihlakazekile kwii-angles ezichanekileyo ukusuka kwisampuli. Ukukhanya okusasaziweyo kubanjwe yi-photodiode, eyenza umqondiso wombane, othi uguqulelwe kwi-turbidity. I-HJ1075-2019 idibanisa iindlela ze-ISO7029 kunye ne-180.1, kwaye yamkele inkqubo yokufumanisa i-double-beam. Xa kuthelekiswa nenkqubo yokufumanisa i-beam enye, inkqubo ye-double-beam iphucula ukuchaneka kwe-turbidity ephezulu kunye nephantsi. Kunconywa kumgangatho wokukhetha i-turbidimeter enesiganeko sokukhanya kwe-400-600 nm kwiisampuli ezingaphantsi kwe-10 NTU, kunye ne-turbidimeter enesiganeko sokukhanya kwe-860 nm± 30 nm kwiisampuli ezinemibala. Kule nto, i-Lianhua yenzelweI-LH-NTU2M (V11). Isixhobo esilungisiweyo samkela i-90 ° yokusabalalisa i-turbidimeter kunye nokutshintshwa ngokuzenzekelayo kokukhanya okumhlophe kunye ne-infrared double beams. Xa ufumanisa iisampuli ezingaphantsi kwe-10NTU, umthombo wokukhanya we-400-600 nm usetyenziswa. Xa ufumanisa i-turbidity ngaphezulu kwe-10NTU Ukusebenzisa umthombo wokukhanya we-860nm, ukuchongwa okuzenzekelayo, ukutshintshwa kwe-wavelength ngokuzenzekelayo, ubukrelekrele ngakumbi kwaye ichanekile.
1. I-EPA180.1 ikhutshwe yi-Arhente yoKhuseleko lweNdalo yase-US. Isebenzisa isibane se-tungsten njengomthombo wokukhanya kwaye ifanelekile ukulinganisa iisampulu ze-turbidity ephantsi ezifana namanzi epompo kunye namanzi okusela. Ayifanelekanga kwizisombululo zesampuli ezinemibala. Sebenzisa i-400-600nm ubude bobude.
2. ISO7027 ngumgangatho okhutshwe yi-International Organisation for Standardization. Umahluko ovela kwi-EPA180.1 kukuba ii-nano-LEDs zisetyenziswa njengomthombo wokukhanya, kwaye ii-photodetectors ezininzi zingasetyenziselwa ukuphepha iimpazamo zokulinganisa ezibangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwesampulu ye-chromaticity okanye ukukhanya okulahlekileyo. Ubude bobude 860±30nm.
3. I-HJ 1075-2019 ikhutshwe nguMphathiswa we-Ecology kunye nokusiNgqongileyo kwelizwe lam, elidibanisa umgangatho we-ISO7027 kunye nomgangatho we-EPA 180.1. Nge-400-600nm kunye ne-860± 30nm ubude bobude. Uxinzelelo oluphezulu noluphantsi lwesiphithiphithi lunokubonwa, amanzi okusela, amanzi omlambo, amanzi edama lokuqubha, kunye namanzi amdaka anokubonwa.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-23-2023
