I-turbidity ibhekisa kwiqondo lothintelo lwesisombululo kwindlela yokukhanya, okubandakanya ukusasazwa kokukhanya ngezinto ezimisiweyo kunye nokufunxwa kokukhanya ngamamolekyuli e-solute.I-turbidity yamanzi ayihambelani kuphela nomxholo wezinto ezimisiweyo emanzini, kodwa zihambelana nobukhulu bazo, imilo kunye nesalathisi se-refractive.Iyunithi yi-NTU.
I-turbidity idla ngokulungele ukumiselwa komgangatho wamanzi wamanzi endalo, amanzi okusela kunye namanzi athile emizi-mveliso.Izinto eziqinileyo kunye ne-colloids ezifana nomhlaba, intlenga, i-organic matter ecolekileyo, inorganic matter, kunye neplankton emanzini zinokwenza amanzi adideke kwaye abonise ukungqubeka okuthile.Ngokutsho kohlalutyo lomgangatho wamanzi, i-turbidity eyenziwe yi-1 mg SiO2 kumanzi e-1L yiyunithi enye ye-Standard turbidity, ebizwa ngokuba yi-1 degree.Ngokuqhelekileyo, okukhona i-turbidity iphezulu, kokukhona isisombululo siguquguquka.Ukulawulwa kwe-turbidity yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokucoca amanzi kwimizi-mveliso kunye nesalathisi esibalulekileyo somgangatho wamanzi.Ngokokusetyenziswa kwamanzi okwahlukeneyo, kukho iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zobunzima.I-turbidity yamanzi okusela akufanele idlule i-1NTU;i-turbidity yamanzi ongezelelweyo okujikeleza ukucocwa kwamanzi okupholisa kufuneka ibe yi-2 ukuya kwi-5 degrees;Amanzi anempembelelo (amanzi akrwada) okucoca amanzi anetyuwa anetyuwa Iqondo le-turbidity kufuneka libe ngaphantsi kwe-3 degrees;ukwenziwa kweentsinga ezenziwe ngabantu kufuna ukuba amanzi amdaka abe ngaphantsi kwe-0.3 degrees.Ekubeni iinqununu ezimisiweyo kunye ne-colloidal ezenza i-turbidity zihlala zizinzile kwaye zininzi zihlawuliswa kakubi, aziyi kuhlala ngaphandle kokunyangwa kweekhemikhali.Kunyango lwamanzi kwimizi-mveliso, iindlela zokudibanisa, ukucaciswa kunye nokucoca zisetyenziselwa kakhulu ukunciphisa ukungcola kwamanzi.
Umlinganiselo wobunzima
I-turbidity inokulinganiswa nge-nephelometer.I-nephelometer ithumela ukukhanya ngecandelo lesampulu kwaye ilinganisa ukuba kungakanani ukukhanya okusasazwe ngamasuntswana emanzini kwi-angle ye-90 ° kwisibane sesiganeko.Le ndlela yokulinganisa ukukhanya okuthe saa ibizwa ngokuba yindlela yokusasaza.Nabuphi na ubugqwirha bokwenyani kufuneka bulinganiswe ngolu hlobo.Imitha ye-turbidity ifanelekile kuzo zombini imilinganiselo yentsimi kunye nelabhoratri, kunye nokubeka iliso rhoqo ubusuku nemini.
Kukho iindlela ezintathu zokubona i-turbidity: I-Formazin Nephelometric Units (FNU) kwi-ISO 7027, i-Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) kwi-USEPA Indlela ye-180.1 kunye ne-Nephelometry kwi-HJ1075-2019.I-ISO 7027 kunye ne-FNU zisetyenziswa kakhulu eYurophu, ngelixa i-NTU isetyenziswa kakhulu e-United States nakwamanye amazwe.I-ISO 7027 ibonelela ngeendlela zokumisela ukungcola kumgangatho wamanzi.Isetyenziselwa ukumisela ukuxinwa kweengqungquthela ezimisiweyo kwisampulu yamanzi ngokulinganisa ukukhanya kwesiganeko esihlakazekile kwii-angles ezichanekileyo ukusuka kwisampuli.Ukukhanya okusasaziweyo kubanjwe yi-photodiode, eyenza umqondiso wombane, othi uguqulelwe kwi-turbidity.I-HJ1075-2019 idibanisa iindlela ze-ISO7029 kunye ne-180.1, kwaye yamkele inkqubo yokufumanisa i-double-beam.Xa kuthelekiswa nenkqubo yokufumanisa i-beam enye, inkqubo ye-double-beam iphucula ukuchaneka kwe-turbidity ephezulu kunye nephantsi.Kunconywa kumgangatho wokukhetha i-turbidimeter enesiganeko sokukhanya kwe-400-600 nm kwiisampuli ezingaphantsi kwe-10 NTU, kunye ne-turbidimeter enesiganeko sokukhanya kwe-860 nm± 30 nm kwiisampuli ezinemibala.Kule nto, i-Lianhua yenzelweI-LH-NTU2M (V11).Isixhobo esilungisiweyo samkela i-90 ° yokusabalalisa i-turbidimeter kunye nokutshintshwa ngokuzenzekelayo kokukhanya okumhlophe kunye ne-infrared double beams.Xa ufumanisa iisampuli ezingaphantsi kwe-10NTU, umthombo wokukhanya we-400-600 nm usetyenziswa.Xa ufumanisa i-turbidity ngaphezulu kwe-10NTU Ukusebenzisa umthombo wokukhanya we-860nm, ukuchongwa okuzenzekelayo, ukutshintshwa kwe-wavelength ngokuzenzekelayo, ubukrelekrele ngakumbi kwaye ichanekile.
1. I-EPA180.1 ikhutshwe yi-Arhente yoKhuseleko lweNdalo yase-US.Isebenzisa isibane se-tungsten njengomthombo wokukhanya kwaye ifanelekile ukulinganisa iisampulu ze-turbidity ephantsi ezifana namanzi epompo kunye namanzi okusela.Ayifanelekanga kwizisombululo zesampuli ezinemibala.Sebenzisa i-400-600nm ubude bobude.
2. ISO7027 ngumgangatho okhutshwe yi-International Organisation for Standardization.Umahluko ovela kwi-EPA180.1 kukuba ii-nano-LEDs zisetyenziswa njengomthombo wokukhanya, kwaye ii-photodetectors ezininzi zingasetyenziselwa ukuphepha iimpazamo zokulinganisa ezibangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwesampulu ye-chromaticity okanye ukukhanya okulahlekileyo.Ubude bobude 860±30nm.
3. I-HJ 1075-2019 ikhutshwe nguMphathiswa we-Ecology kunye nokusiNgqongileyo kwelizwe lam, elidibanisa umgangatho we-ISO7027 kunye nomgangatho we-EPA 180.1.Nge-400-600nm kunye ne-860± 30nm ubude bobude.Uxinzelelo oluphezulu noluphantsi lwesiphithiphithi lunokubonwa, amanzi okusela, amanzi omlambo, amanzi edama lokuqubha, kunye namanzi amdaka anokubonwa.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-23-2023
