Zeziphi iindlela zokujongwa kwemekobume yogutyulo?

Zeziphi iindlela zokujongwa kwemekobume yogutyulo?
Indlela yokubona ngokomzimba: isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukufumanisa iimpawu ezibonakalayo zelindle, ezifana neqondo lokushisa, i-turbidity, i-solids emisiwe, i-conductivity, njl. Iindlela zokuhlola eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka indlela ethile yomxhuzulane, indlela ye-titration kunye nendlela ye-photometric.
Indlela yokubona imichiza: ikakhulu isetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukungcola kweekhemikhali kumdaka, njengexabiso le-PH, ioksijini enyibilikileyo, imfuno ye-oksijini yeekhemikhali, imfuno ye-oksijini ye-biochemical, i-ammonia nitrogen, i-phosphorus iyonke, iintsimbi ezinzima, njl. i-athom yokufunxa i-spectrometry, i-ion chromatography njalo njalo.
Indlela yokufumanisa ibhayoloji: isetyenziswa ikakhulu ukufumanisa ungcoliseko lwebhayoloji kugutyulo, njengemicroorganisms pathogenic, algae, njalo njalo. Iindlela zokubona izinto eziphilayo ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka indlela yokubona ngemicroscope, indlela yokubala inkcubeko, indlela yokufunda imicroplate njalo njalo.
Indlela yokufumanisa ubutyhefu: ikakhulu isetyenziselwa ukuvavanya iziphumo eziyityhefu zokungcola kwilindle kwizinto eziphilayo, ezifana netyhefu ebukhali, ityhefu engapheliyo, njl njl. Iindlela zokuvavanya ubutyhefu ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka indlela yokuvavanya ubutyhefu bebhayoloji, indlela yokuvavanya ubutyhefu bemicrobial njalo njalo.
Indlela yovavanyo olubanzi: ngohlalutyo olubanzi lwezalathisi ezahlukeneyo kugutyulo, kuvavanya umgangatho uwonke wokusingqongileyo welindle.Iindlela zovavanyo ezibanzi ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka indlela yesalathiso songcoliseko, indlela yokuphonononga ebanzi engaqondakaliyo, indlela yohlalutyo lwecandelo eliphambili njalo njalo.
Zininzi iindlela zokuchongwa kwamanzi amdaka, kodwa isiseko sisasekelwe kwiziphumo zeempawu zomgangatho wamanzi kunye nobuchwepheshe bokucoca amanzi amdaka.Ukuthatha amanzi amdaka emizi-mveliso njengento, ezi zilandelayo ziintlobo ezimbini zokubhaqwa kwamanzi amdaka ukulinganisa umxholo wezinto eziphilayo kumanzi amdaka.Okokuqala, i-oxidation elula yezinto eziphilayo emanzini isetyenzisiweyo iimpawu, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe uchonge kwaye ulinganise i-organic compounds kunye nezixhobo ezinzima emanzini.
Uvavanyo lokusingqongileyo
(1) Ukufunyaniswa kwe-BOD, oko kukuthi, ukufunyanwa kwemfuno ye-biochemical oxygen.Imfuno ye-oksijini ye-biochemical yinto ekujoliswe kuyo ukulinganisa umxholo wongcoliseko lwe-aerobic njengezinto eziphilayo emanzini.Okona kujoliswe kuko kuphezulu, kokukhona kungcoliseka kwendalo emanzini, kwaye kokukhona ungcoliseko lunzulu.Ungcoliseko lwe-Organic kwiswekile, ukutya, iphepha, ifayibha kunye namanye amanzi amdaka emizi-mveliso anokwahlulwa ngesenzo sebhayoloji yebhaktiriya ye-aerobic, kuba ioksijini idliwe kwinkqubo yokwahlulahlula, ke ikwabizwa ngokuba zizingcolisi ze-aerobic, ukuba ezo ngcoliso zikhuphela ngokugqithisileyo kwi umzimba wamanzi uya kubangela ukungonelanga kunyibilike ioksijini emanzini.Ngelo xesha, i-organic matter iya kuchithwa yi-anaerobic bacteria emanzini, ibangele ukonakala, kwaye ivelise iigesi ezinuka kakubi ezifana ne-methane, i-hydrogen sulfide, i-mercaptans, kunye ne-ammonia, eya kubangela ukuba umzimba wamanzi uwohloke kwaye unuke.
(2)Ukufunyanwa kwe-COD, oko kukuthi, ukufumanisa imfuno ye-oksijini yeekhemikhali, isebenzisa i-oxidants yeekhemikhali ukwahlula izinto ezinokonakalisa emanzini ngokusebenzisa i-chemical reaction oxidation, kwaye emva koko ibala ukusetyenziswa kwe-oksijini ngobuninzi bee-oxidants eziseleyo.Imfuno yeoksijini yemichiza (COD) isoloko isetyenziswa njengomlinganiselo wamanzi Isalathiso somxholo we-organic matter, okukhona ixabiso elikhulu, kokukhona kubi kakhulu ukungcoliseka kwamanzi.Ukuzimisela kwemfuno ye-oksijini yeekhemikhali kuyahluka ngokuzimisela kunye neendlela zokuzimisela zokunciphisa izinto kwiisampuli zamanzi.Okwangoku, iindlela ezisetyenziswa kakhulu yi-acidic potassium permanganate oxidation method kunye nePotassium dichromate oxidation method.
Ezi zimbini ziyaphelelisana, kodwa zahlukile.Ukufunyanwa kwe-COD kunokuqonda ngokuchanekileyo umxholo wezinto eziphilayo kumanzi amdaka, kwaye kuthatha ixesha elincinci ukulinganisa ngexesha.Xa kuthelekiswa nayo, kunzima ukubonakalisa i-organic matter ene-oxidized by microorganisms.Ngokombono wococeko, inokuchaza ngokuthe ngqo iqondo longcoliseko.Ukongeza, amanzi amdaka aqulethe izinto ezinciphisa i-inorganic, ezifuna ukusebenzisa ioksijini ngexesha lenkqubo ye-oxidation, ngoko ke i-COD iseneempazamo.
Kukho unxibelelwano phakathi kwezi zimbini, ixabiso leBOD5ingaphantsi kweCOD, umahluko phakathi kwezi zibini ziphantse zilingane nobungakanani bezinto eziphilayo eziphikisayo, umahluko omkhulu, umbandela owenziwe ngezinto eziphilayo, kulo mzekelo, akufanele usebenzise i-biological Ngoko ke, umlinganiselo weBOD5/COD unokuba esetyenziselwa ukugweba ukuba ingaba amanzi amdaka afanelekile na kunyango lwebhayoloji.Ngokuqhelekileyo, umlinganiselo weBOD5 / COD ubizwa ngokuba yi-biochemical index.Umlinganiselo omncinci, ulunge ngakumbi kunyango lwebhayoloji.Umlinganiselo we-BOD5/COD wamanzi amdaka afanelekileyo kunyango lwebhayoloji Edla ngokuqwalaselwa ngaphezulu kwe-0.3.